Identification of superior walnut (Juglans regia) genotypes with late leafing and high kernel quality in Iran

Ebrahimi, Aziz; Khadivi, Ali; Nosrati, Zia; Karimi, Rouhollah

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.06.049

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Third, propagation by seeds of this species causes a significant genetic variability that appears at the flowering period for pomological characters, tree vigor, and type of fructification, which allow each geographic region to maintain a diverse population (Lansari et al., 2001). Morphological traits have been used effectively in detecting genetic variation on walnut in various studies (Cosmulescu & Stefanescu, 2018; Ebrahimi et al., 2015; Ghasemi et al., 2012; Hussain et al., 2016; Khadivi et al, 2019b; Khadivi‐Khub et al., 2015a, b; Norouzi et al., 2013; Rezaei et al., 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the promising Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes among seedling‐originated trees

Mirmahdi

Khadivi

2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Considerable genetic diversity among the native populations of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) provides a great opportunity to identify genotypes with valuable traits. In the present study, morphological and pomological diversity assessments of 362 walnut seedling origin genotypes were performed to identify superior genotypes. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes investigated in terms of the evaluated characters. Nut weighted from 5.53 to 19.24 g with an average of 10.67. The range of kernel weight was 1.78–9.28 g with an average of 4.83. Kernel percentage in 107 out of 362 genotypes studied was more than 50.00%. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) showed that kernel percentage was associated with kernel weight, nut weight, kernel filled, nut width, and shell thickness. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the characters related to nut and kernel size were correlated with the first component (PC1). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the genotypes were clustered into two major clusters. Based on the most important commercial characters considered by breeders to select ideal walnuts, 15 superior genotypes were selected and are recommended for cultivation in the orchards and also can be used in breeding programs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the promising Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes among seedling‐originated trees

Mirmahdi

Khadivi

2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Study of phenotypic traits leads to acquisition of valuable information from the germplasm and identification of superior genotypes with desirable characteristics (Bernard et al, 2018). High yield, late leafing, lateral bearing, earlier fruiting, large nut and high kernel percentage, great kernel quality and compatibility with different ecological conditions are main objectives of walnut-breeding programs (Arzani et al, 2008;Aslantas, 2006;Ebrahimi et al, 2015;Keles et al, 2014). In the current study, 25 walnut superior genotypes were selected based on phenotypic characteristics having the highest yield, nut weight, lateral bearing, kernel percentage, and quality among the evaluated walnut population in the southwest of Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Size: A Novel Predictor of Nut Weight and Nut Size of Walnut Trees

Sarikhani¹,

Arzani²,

Karimzadeh³

et al. 2018

horts

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Plant genetic diversity is the fundamental of plant-breeding programs to improve desirable characteristics. Hence, evaluation of genetic diversity is the first step in fruit-breeding programs. Accordingly, the current study was carried out to evaluate 25 superior walnut genotypes in respect of phenotypic and cytological characteristics. For this purpose, 560 walnut genotypes in southwest of Iran were evaluated based on UPOV and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) descriptor. After a 2-year primary evaluation, 25 superior genotypes were selected for future phenotypic and genome size assessment. Flow cytometry was used to estimate genome size of the selected superior genotypes. A high genetic diversity was found in walnut population collected from the southwest of Iran. The selected superior genotypes had high yield, lateral bearing, thin-shell thickness (0.90–1.64 mm), high nut (12.54–19.80 g) and kernel (7.02–9.91 g) weight with light (L) to extra light (EL) kernel color which easily can be removed from the shell. Also, FaBaCh2 genotype turned out to be protogynous being important as a pollinizer cultivar. In addition to extensive phenotypic analysis, genome size was determined. The studied genotypes were diploid (2n = 2x = 32) and varied in genome size from 1.29 (FaBaAv2) to 1.40 pg (FaBaNs12). Correlation analysis showed that lateral bearing, budbreak date, nut size, and weight were the main variables contributing to walnut production. A linear relationship was found between genome size and nut weight (r = 0.527**), kernel weight (r = 0.551**), and nut size index (NSI) (r = 0.487**). Therefore, genome size can be considered as a strong and valuable tool to predict nut and kernel weight and nut size.

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“…Promising genotypes there were selected by their phenological and pomological traits, including leafing date, lateral bearing, type of dichogamy (Ghasemi et al 2012;Ebrahimi et al 2015), bud break (Arzani et al 2008), spring frost tolerance (Mahmoodi et al 2016), nut yield, nut maturity, and nut characteristics (Haghjooyan et al 2005;Arzani et al 2008;Ahandani et al 2014;Khadivi-Khub et al 2015). Moreover, vigor of dwarf seedlings, which can be used to increase planting density, was also studied in Iran (Rezaee et al 2009).…”

Section: Morphological Studies As Preliminary Breeding Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut: past and future of genetic improvement

Bernard

Lheureux²,

Dirlewanger

2017

Tree Genetics & Genomes

163

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Persian or English walnut (Juglans regia L.), the walnut species cultivated for nut production, is one of the oldest food sources known. Persian walnuts, native to the mountain valleys of Central Asia, are grown worldwide in temperate areas. World production exceeds three million tons since 2012, mostly provided by China, the USA, and Iran. Despite very ancient culture of walnut species (Juglans spp.), breeding actually started in the twentieth century. Using a range of methodologies, from morphological markers to the most recent advances in genome analysis, many genetic studies of walnut have been conducted during the past 30 years, including examination of diversity, determination of relationships within or among germplasm collections and populations, phylogenetic and origin elucidation, genetic map construction, and biotic or abiotic stress investigations. The genetic improvement of walnut has undergone great evolution. The producing countries of the Middle East have widely studied morphological characteristics of walnut. The USA and France, for example, are behind important cultivar releases such as BChandler^and BFranquette.^Finally, genomics represents a major breakthrough in walnut improvement, in particular by recent sequencing of both chloroplast and nuclear genomes. This review summarizes worldwide molecular and Bomics^studies and gives an overview of the main walnut breeding programs.

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Identification of superior walnut (Juglans regia) genotypes with late leafing and high kernel quality in Iran

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of the promising Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes among seedling‐originated trees

Identification of the promising Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes among seedling‐originated trees

Genome Size: A Novel Predictor of Nut Weight and Nut Size of Walnut Trees

Walnut: past and future of genetic improvement

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