“…To date, there have been some reports on the quantitative analysis of LIG in different plant materials or their extracts by gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection (FID) (Fang et al, 1979;Li et al, 2001), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) (Ji et al, 1999), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Cho et al, 2007;Deng et al, 2005;Hu & Ding, 2006;Kim et al, 2006a,b;Lao et al, 2004;Li et al, 2006a), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Lin et al, 1998;Liu et al, 2009;Lu et al, 2004;Qi et al, 2008;Yi et al, 2007;Zschocke et al, 1998), liquid chromatography (LC) (Chao & Chao, 2004;Cui et al, 2006;Hu et al, 2005a,b;Li et al, 2006b;Lu et al, 2005aLu et al, ,b, 2009), bioactivity-guided fractionation method combining countercurrent chromatography (CCC), the MTS cell viability assay and gas chromatography (GC) (Yeh et al, 2012). Although few methods have been reported for the quantification of LIG in biosamples Guo et al, 2009Guo et al, , 2011Li et al, 2009Li et al, , 2011Shi et al, 2006;Yan et al, 2008;Zuo et al, 2011), which are commonly measured as biomarkers. As for extraction of LIG from biological samples, the analytical methods involved multiple steps of liquid-liquid extraction, which used relatively toxic agents such as n-hexaneether, followed by evaporation to prepare and concentrate the sample prior to injection to an LC system, the pretreatment of the biological samples were laborious and time-consuming.…”