Identification of the Bacterial Reservoirs for the Middle Ear Using Phylogenic Analysis

Chan, Chun Ling; Wabnitz, David; Bassiouni, Ahmed; Wormald, Peter‐John; Vreugde, Sarah; Psaltis, Alkis J.

doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2016.3105

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2) but also because the nasopharynx is often colonized by organisms implicated in OME, including S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis , and Alloiococcus otitidis . In one study, community composition of the middle ear closely resembled that of the external auditory canal (EAC) both in abundance and in community similarity, leading the authors to consider the EAC to be a likely source for OME (Chan et al, 2017). A competing theory with supporting evidence from microscopy is that the middle ear is seeded by the adenoids (Torretta et al, 2013).…”

Section: Dispersal Across Anatomic Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Proctor

Relman

2017

Cell Host & Microbe

163

152

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Landscape ecology examines the relationships between the spatial arrangement of different landforms and the processes that give rise to spatial and temporal patterns in local community structure. These relationships that underlie the patterns of the microbial communities that inhabit the human body, and in particular, those of the nose, mouth and throat, deserve greater attention. Important questions include what defines the size of a population (i.e., ‘patch’) in a given body site; what defines the boundaries of distinct patches within a single body site, and where and over what spatial scales within a body site are gradients detected. This review looks at the landscape ecology in the upper respiratory tract and mouth, and seeks greater clarity about the physiological factors, whether immunological, chemical or physical, that govern microbial community composition and function, and the ecological traits that underlie health and disease.

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Section: Dispersal Across Anatomic Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Proctor

Relman

2017

Cell Host & Microbe

163

152

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“…The presence of adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx, especially close to the torus tubarius and ET orifice, has been associated with OM, OME, and poor ETF . Both the effects of mechanically obstructing and limiting the widening of the ET, and acting as a source of infection and inflammation with bacterial colonization or formation of biofilms have been implicated in ETD . Laterally hypertrophic adenoids are associated with the need for multiple sets of VTs .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,37,38 Both the effects of mechanically obstructing and limiting the widening of the ET, and acting as a source of infection and inflammation with bacterial colonization or formation of biofilms have been implicated in ETD. [39][40][41][42] Laterally hypertrophic adenoids are associated with the need for multiple sets of VTs. 43 Adenoidectomy is therefore commonly performed in children who require multiple sets of tubes for recurrent OM, chronic OME, or persistent ETD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentation and eustachian tube function test results in children evaluated at a specialty clinic

et al. 2018

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Objectives/Hypothesis Interest in eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction (ETD) has increased with the recent Food and Drug Administration approval of a new device for balloon dilation of the ET (BDET) in adults. However, children have been receiving BDET treatment with ET‐specific or sinus balloons around the world and off‐label in the United States for years. It is important, therefore, to understand the manifestations of and methods to verify ETD in children. Study Design Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Methods This is a retrospective study of clinical presentations and results of ET function (ETF) tests in children referred to the ETD clinic. An otorhinolaryngology exam, nasopharyngeal videoendoscopy of the ET orifices during swallow and maneuvers, and ETF tests, including inflation deflation, forced response test, and pressure chamber tests, were performed as applicable. Results Data for 30 children aged 6.2 to 17.3 years (mean = 12.9 ± 2.8 years) were analyzed. Of 60 ears, 19 (31.7%) had an intact tympanic membrane (TM), 16 (26.7%) had a patent and two had a blocked ventilation tube, and 23 (38.3%) had a TM perforation. Endoscopy of the nasopharynx revealed a large amount of secretions in 19/45 (42.2%); ET orifices and mucosal inflammation in 22/45 (48.8%); a large amount of adenoid tissue in the fossa of Rosenmuller was noted in 21/45 (46.7%). ETF tests revealed abnormal active function in 43/54 ears (79.6%) and abnormal passive function in 40/54 ears (74.1%). Conclusions ETD in children is often associated with residual or regrowth of adenoids and inflammation. Caution should be taken assigning a uniform phenotype and treatment prior to thorough evaluation and testing. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 129:1218–1228, 2019

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“…In the microbiota of MEF, Alloiococcus appears to be one of the dominant genera (Jervis- Bardy et al, 2015;Chan et al, 2016Chan et al, , 2017bBoers et al, 2018;Lappan et al, 2018;Val et al, 2018;Johnston et al, 2019). Turicella is less often reported, but has been identified as a member of the MEF microbiota in 8 of the 12 MEF microbiota studies reported in Table 3 (Jervis- Bardy et al, 2015;Krueger et al, 2017;Minami et al, 2017;Sillanpää et al, 2017;Boers et al, 2018;Lappan et al, 2018;Val et al, 2018;Johnston et al, 2019).…”

Section: Detection Of a Otitidis And T Otitidis In Mef Has Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the Pathogenic Potential of the Otitis-Associated Bacteria Alloiococcus otitidis and Turicella otitidis

Lappan

Jamieson

Peacock

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Alloiococcus otitidis and Turicella otitidis are common bacteria of the human ear. They have frequently been isolated from the middle ear of children with otitis media (OM), though their potential role in this disease remains unclear and confounded due to their presence as commensal inhabitants of the external auditory canal. In this review, we summarize the current literature on these organisms with an emphasis on their role in OM. Much of the literature focuses on the presence and abundance of these organisms, and little work has been done to explore their activity in the middle ear. We find there is currently insufficient evidence available to determine whether these organisms are pathogens, commensals or contribute indirectly to the pathogenesis of OM. However, building on the knowledge currently available, we suggest future approaches aimed at providing stronger evidence to determine whether A. otitidis and T. otitidis are involved in the pathogenesis of OM. Such evidence will increase our understanding of the microbial risk factors contributing to OM and may lead to novel treatment approaches for severe and recurrent disease.

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Identification of the Bacterial Reservoirs for the Middle Ear Using Phylogenic Analysis

Abstract: The EAC and the nasopharynx could serve as reservoirs for microbiota of the middle ear. Furthermore, the microbiota of the middle ear with effusion appear to be relatively stable over time and between populations with OME.

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Presentation and eustachian tube function test results in children evaluated at a specialty clinic

Reviewing the Pathogenic Potential of the Otitis-Associated Bacteria Alloiococcus otitidis and Turicella otitidis

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