2017
DOI: 10.3390/foods6020013
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Identification of the Geographic Origin of Parmigiano Reggiano (P.D.O.) Cheeses Deploying Non-Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics

Abstract: Parmigiano Reggiano is an Italian product with a protected designation of origin (P.D.O.). It is an aged hard cheese made from raw milk. P.D.O. products are protected by European regulations. Approximately 3 million wheels are produced each year, and the product attracts a relevant premium price due to its quality and all around the world well known typicity. Due to the high demand that exceeds the production, several fraudulent products can be found on the market. The rate of fraud is estimated between 20% an… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…This encourages the appearance on the market of counterfeited products that bear the PR brand at a lower price. The rate of fraud is estimated to be between 20% and 40%, the latter predominantly in the grated form [ 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This encourages the appearance on the market of counterfeited products that bear the PR brand at a lower price. The rate of fraud is estimated to be between 20% and 40%, the latter predominantly in the grated form [ 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…provides a great chromatographic separation of semi-polar metabolites, which comprise a wide number of compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, or glycosylated species) that have proved to be useful and interesting for the authentication of food samples. Although C18 is generally proposed [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], some strategies have employed other reversed-phases such as HSS T3 [39], C8 [40], and C30 [41]. For instance, Black et al [39] used a HSS T3 column for the separation of potential biomarkers able to identify adulteration in oregano samples, while Martinez et al [40] proposed a C8 column with the aim to separate unknown food markers for the discrimination of tomato samples obtained in organic or conventional crops.…”
Section: Plots Of Scores Obtained For the Pca Analysis For Platforms mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent advances of non-targeted LC-HRMS methodologies in food integrity and authenticity. not provide fragmentation data of the detected ions, metabolomics data can solve authenticity problematics without the identification of any compound (fingerprinting strategy) as previously commented [35]. The first step of non-targeted LC-HRMS approaches data treatment is the conversion of raw data in a matrix built by retention time, m/z values and the area or signal of each peak detected.…”
Section: Plots Of Scores Obtained For the Pca Analysis For Platforms mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, authenticity of food is a rising issue in many countries, even market leaders. As an example, it is estimated that the rate of fraud of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, a well-known Italian product, is between 20% and 40% worldwide, reaching a dramatic 95% in the United States [30,33].…”
Section: Of 17mentioning
confidence: 99%