Identification of the Heat Equation Parameters for Estimation of a Bare Overhead Conductor’s Temperature by the Differential Evolution Algorithm

Sarajlić, Mirza; Pihler, J.; Sarajlić, Nermin; Štumberger, Gorazd

doi:10.3390/en11082061

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The heating and cooling process of the OHL conductor is illustrated in Fig. 6 [69]. The figure indicates that the heat gain of the conductor is contributed by solar heating (Ps) and ohmic losses (Pj), and heat loss is due to convection (Pc) and radiation (Pr) by the conductor.…”

Section: A Steady-state Thermal Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

et al. 2020

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The overhead transmission line system is one of the methods of transmitting electrical energy at a high voltage from one point to another, especially over long distances. The demand for electrical energy is increasing due to the increase in the world population, the evolution of transport technology, and economic expansion, thereby resulting in overloading to the overhead line (OHL) system. In building new infrastructure for transmission lines, several issues need to be addressed. Thus, optimizing existing power by increasing the ampacity of power line is a practical solution to meet energy demand issues. During long-term operation, the temperature of OHL conductors may increase beyond their rated temperature, which is typically 75 °C for conventional conductors such as aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced cable. This condition is defined as thermal stress, which results in lower sag vertical clearance, tensile loss, elongation and creep, and reduced life span of the conductors. This condition must be avoided to ensure that the line is not permanently elongated, which can disrupt the vertical ground clearance, and to expand the conductor's life. Other factors such as lightning, wildfire, aging, and degradation of the conductor can also cause thermal stress on the conductors and have thermal effects on the conductor's performance. Therefore, unwanted thermal stress needs to be examined and identified by monitoring the thermal effect and behavior of the lines. This paper presents the state of the art in monitoring technologies that can be used to identify thermal stress on OHL conductors, including the issues and challenges in monitoring. At the end of this paper, a few suggestions are included to address the occurrence and assessment of thermal stress in lines. Ultimately, this work may provide complete information to researchers and maintenance engineers to enable them to make better decisions on condition monitoring, operation, and maintenance of the system. INDEX TERMS Overhead transmission line, thermal rating, conductor temperature, thermal stress effect, conditioning monitoring.

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Section: A Steady-state Thermal Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

et al. 2020

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“…The engineering audience [19], [21], [24], [31] uses DE, as it is a fast and robust stochastic optimization algorithm. It was first introduced by Storn and Price [20].…”

Section: Identification Of the Fuse Thermal Parameters Using Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was first introduced by Storn and Price [20]. This algorithm is appropriate for solving nonlinear and constrained optimization problems [24]. It has been selected as an suitable optimization algorithm, because of its simple application and effectiveness.…”

Section: Identification Of the Fuse Thermal Parameters Using Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Thermal Parameters for the NH gG Fuse Using the Differential Evolution

et al. 2019

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This paper describes the identification of the thermal parameters for the high breaking capacity low-voltage NH gG fuse. For the process of parameter's determination, a 3D numerical model of the fuse is used together with the measured temperature on the fuse and differential evolution (DE) as the powerful optimizer for optimization problems. DE's main task is to reduce the difference between the measured and calculated fuse temperatures. The classic DE algorithm is compared with three improved DE algorithms that have a reduction of the population size during the optimization process. The results of all four algorithms are compared, and the most favorable choice of algorithm is given for such temperature coefficient calculations. The fuse model is appropriate for the calculation of the fusing temperature, according to the excellent agreement between the measured and calculated fuse temperatures.

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“…Step 2: Obtain the meteorological parameters around the transmission line and conductor parameters. Then, modify the ETN in real-time by Equations (22) and (23), and calculate the transient temperature rise response. Proceed to Step 3.…”

Section: Test Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, numerous studies have been conducted on conductor transient temperature calculation, which considers the structural characteristics of a conductor with several materials that can affect heat transfer [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. For example, in [23][24][25], conductor temperature calculation model was established by thermal circuit model on the basis of thermal-electrical analogy theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Temperature Calculation and Multi-Parameter Thermal Protection of Overhead Transmission Lines Based on an Equivalent Thermal Network

Xiong

Chen

et al. 2018

Energies

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The overload degree of a transmission line is represented by currents in traditional overload protection, which cannot reflect its safety condition accurately. The sudden rise in transmission line current may lead to cascading tripping under traditional protection during power flow transfer in a power system. Therefore, timely and accurate analysis of the transient temperature rise of overhead transmission lines, revealing their overload endurance capability under the premise of ensuring safety, and coordination with power system controls can effectively eliminate overloading. This paper presents a transient temperature calculation method for overhead transmission lines based on an equivalent thermal network. This method can fully consider the temperature-dependent characteristics with material properties, convective heat resistance, and radiation heat and can accurately calculate the gradient distribution and response of the conductor cross-section temperature. The validity and accuracy of the proposed calculation method are verified by a test platform. In addition, a multi-parameter thermal protection strategy is proposed on the basis of the abovementioned calculation method. The protection can adequately explore the maximum overload capability of the line, and prevent from unnecessary tripping to avoid the expansion of accidents. Finally, the validity of the proposed protection is verified by the modified 29-bus system.

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Identification of the Heat Equation Parameters for Estimation of a Bare Overhead Conductor’s Temperature by the Differential Evolution Algorithm

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

Identification of the Thermal Parameters for the NH gG Fuse Using the Differential Evolution

Transient Temperature Calculation and Multi-Parameter Thermal Protection of Overhead Transmission Lines Based on an Equivalent Thermal Network

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