Identification of the main exposure scenarios in the production of CNT-polymer nanocomposites by melt-moulding process

Fleury, Dominique; Bomfim, João A. S.; Vignes, Alexis; Girard, Clément; Metz, Sébastien; Muñoz, Felipe; R’Mili, Badr; Ustache, Aurélien; Guiot, Arnaud; Bouillard, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.11.009

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The modest size of the filter holder makes it a very good tool for individual collections (Fleury 2011;. It could also be easily integrated in experimental devices: measurement downstream of a DMA, collection at reactor outlet (Bouillard et al 2012), etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value is recommended by Lyyränen et al (2009) in order to avoid the deterioration of the carbon membrane of the TEM grid studied. This value was also selected based upon previous experiments (Fleury et al 2011;R'mili et al 2011;Bouillard et al 2012); this flow rate requires collection times of a few minutes and is compatible with different TABLE 1 Structural characteristics of the "Quantifoil 1.2/1.3" and of the "Holey TEM" grids 400 mesh carbon membrane. The characteristic parameters of the "Holey" TEM grids are given indicatively, as they concern only the grids used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also applied by Fleury et al (2011) during a characterisation study of a work environment around an extruder manufacturing composite granules (polymer-CNT), and by Bouillard et al (2012) to characterize the exhaust from a combustion system. These studies have shown that the filtration technique with porous TEM grids allows the sampling of various types of particles (varied in size, shape, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle Sampling by TEM Grid Filtration

R’Mili

Bihan

Dutouquet

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) offers a very comprehensive tool for individual particle analysis allowing the determination of size, morphology, specific surface, and elemental composition. This information is needed in aerosol studies, especially in the field of nanomaterials. However, observations with TEM require a controlled sampling on an adapted analysis support, namely TEM grid. Techniques allowing sampling on TEM grids are of great interest to aerosol analysis. Indeed, sample preparation is not required, thereby gaining time and avoiding a risk for the sample to be altered. The present study evaluates the efficiency of a new particle collection technique based on filtration through one class of TEM-dedicated supports, namely TEM porous grids. Two types of porous grids, considered as the best on the market for this application, have been put to the test: the "Quantifoil" type porous grid, which has a regular structure, and the "Holey" type (Agar Scientific, Stansted, Essex, England). A filter holder has been developed specifically for this application, the MPS R (Mini-Particle Sampler R , Ecomesure, Janvry, France). Experimental tests have been carried out with a flow rate of 0.3 L·min −1. They show that the collection is operational in the 5-nm to 150-nm size range, with a minimum efficiency of 15-18% around 30 nm. Simulation confirms these results and shows an increased efficiency even below 5 nm and beyond 150 nm. The filter holder MPS R designed in this study is a low-cost, portable, versatile, and easy-to-use tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle Sampling by TEM Grid Filtration

R’Mili

Bihan

Dutouquet

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Many researchers (Elihn and Berg 2009;Elihn et al 2011;Fleury et al 2013) have demonstrated that nanosized particles are mainly generated during the manufacturing process. In this study, we used a potassium chloride (KCl) aerosol (diameter: 0.005-0.5 mm) to create ultrafine particles for testing the performance of the new ESP design; KCl particles are easily produced using a nebulizer, and they are used as the Korean test standard for indoor air cleaners (KACA 2012, SPS-KACA002-132).…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nemmar et al (2001) demonstrated that inhaled ultrafine particles pass rapidly into the systemic circulation, which affects cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In particular, many researchers have analyzed the characteristics of particles generated during manufacturing (e.g., welding, molding, and extrusion) (Elihn and Berg 2009;Buonanno et al 2011), and reported that these airborne particles significantly influence the health status of workers, as well as product quality (Schulte et al 2008;Fleury et al, 2013). Particle removal techniques have been actively researched, and various filter systems have been commercialized and incorporated into manufacturing devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Electrostatic Precipitator System Using a Wet-Porous Electrode Array

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The authors introduce a novel electrostatic precipitator using a wet-porous electrode (WPE) array, for application to various work processes (e.g., molding and extrusion), to improve the removal performance of ultrafine particles and water-soluble gaseous pollutants generated during manufacturing. The WPE array electrostatic precipitator (WPE-ESP) consists of an ionization component for particle charging and a collection component equipped with the WPE array to maintain a high humidity environment. The performance of the WPE-ESP was evaluated in terms of the removal efficiency of airborne particles and water-soluble gases under ESP operating conditions in which the ionization charge current, the applied electric field strength of the collection component, and the relative humidity (RH) were varied. The collection efficiency of the WPE-ESP was enhanced by increasing the RH, due to water adsorption on the particle surface and the enhanced electric field strength near the collecting plate. The maximum total collection efficiency of the ESP system was~99.2% for a 73% RH collection environment, which was approximately 3.3% higher than that of conventional dry-type ESP (C-ESP). The proposed system also removed sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), a representative source (90.7%) of undesirable emissions during manufacturing processes, and mitigated ozone (O 3, <10 ppb), a by-product of the corona discharge in the ESP, regardless of the field strength. The proposed WPE-ESP included a simple mounting system; additionally, the system generated a more uniform water film than that of wet-ESPs. Thus, the WPE-ESP shows great potential for application to workplaces and machining devices that require the simultaneous removal of ultrafine particles and water-soluble gaseous pollutants.

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