Identification of the Minor Chemical Elements in the Particulate Matter Exhaust Emissions From In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles

Viskup, Richard; Wolf, Christoph; Baumgärtner, Werner

doi:10.5772/intechopen.90760

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…From our previous research, we found out that minor chemical elements in diesel particulate matter are Si, Ni, Ti, K, Sr and Mo [28]. While major chemical elements C, Fe, Mg, Al, Cr, Zn, Na, Ca, O and H are forming the most important part of diesel particulate matter composition [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The qualitative and quantitative characterisation of major chemical elements bound in different types of diesel particulate matter measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique has been studied by Viskup et al [26,27]. And the identification of minor chemical elements in diesel particulate matter by LIBS was studied by Viskup et al [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Viskup¹,

Wolf²,

Baumgärtner³

2021

Environmental Emissions

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In this research, we applied laser-plasma spectroscopy technique for the measurement of trace chemical elements in the exhaust emissions generated from in-use diesel engine passenger vehicles. We use high resolution laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique for diagnostics of soot and particulate matter (PM). Here we analysed soot and PM, extracted from exhaust manifold part, from different passenger vehicles that are used in daily life environment. The main aim of this study is to reveal the trace chemical elements in different PM matrices. The presence of trace elements in exhaust emissions can originate from different sources: from injected fuel type and fuel additives, engine lubricants, engine combustion process, incomplete catalytic reaction, inefficiency or wear out of PM filtering devices, dysfunctions or failures of engine or vehicle or even information related to polluted intake air.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Viskup¹,

Wolf²,

Baumgärtner³

2021

Environmental Emissions

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“…These pollutants can also damage the catalytic converter of diesel engines, reducing fuel economy. 1,2 In the last few years, very severe environmental regulations developed new standards requiring industries to produce ultralow sulfur diesel fuel, leading to reduced emissions from the transport sector to enhance not only air quality and public health but also the efficiency and performance of engines, allowing for lower greenhouse gas emissions. 3,4 For these reasons, several desulfurization processes are needed to produce zero-sulfur fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the undesirable emissions of fuel combustion include nitric oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants can also damage the catalytic converter of diesel engines, reducing fuel economy. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldehyde-Assisted Aerobic-Oxidative Desulfurization of HDS Diesel Fuels by a Highly Effective Heterogeneous V-Substituted Keggin-Type Semiorganic Catalyst: Modeling of Experimental Design and Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights

Maalaoui,

Guedidi,

Rzaigui

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Aldehyde-assisted aerobic oxidative desulfurization (AODS) of model and real hydrodesulfurization (HDS) diesel fuels were examined by using a newly synthesized V-substituted Keggin-type semi-organic catalyst, (2-H2NC5H4NH)5[PV2W10O40]·1/2(C5H5N)·2H2O ((AP)5PWV2), as the heterogeneous catalyst and benzaldehyde (PhCHO) as a sacrificial reductant. At first, a modeling of experimental design (DOE) was conducted by using the Taguchi orthogonal array (L9 OA) method to determine the most substantial parameters that synergically improved the AODS process in model diesel oil. Many trials were conducted at an air-flow rate of 20 mL min–1, where the effect of the selected controllable process parameters, dibenzothiophene (DBT)/catalyst (ρ C ,mol/mol), PhCHO/DBT (ρ A , mol/mol), temperature (θ, °C), and time (t, min), was examined in terms of standard average and signal-to-noise ratio. Results showed that the sulfur-removal efficiency (RSE) selected as a performance evaluation characteristic was significantly influenced by ρ C and ρ A ratios, which achieved 100% under the following predicted optimum factors: ρ C = 10 mol/mol, ρ A = 12 mol/mol, θ = 60 °C, and t = 90 min. Then, AODS of real HDS diesel fuel with 1511 ppm of total sulfur was run at the optimum factors considering the same O2/(AP)5PWV2/PhCHO system. As a result, the desulfurized oil reached 61 ppm of sulfur, corresponding to 96% RSE. Thus, a satisfactory catalytic performance of (AP)5PWV2 was proven, as was its recovery and reuse without loss of activity in five consecutive AODS reaction cycles. Finally, mechanistic and kinetic investigations revealed that the AODS reaction was suggested to proceed via an unbranched radical chain mechanism and followed a first-order kinetic. This finding novelty affords not only a mathematical model to predict the optimum controllable parameters for an efficient green ultradeep AODS process for industrial use but also a prominent alternative to future research concerns of oxidative catalysis applications using V-substituted heteropoly potent catalysts for both fuel oils and real gas condensate.

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Spectrochemical Analytical Characterisation of Particulate Matter Emissions Generated from In-Use Diesel Engine Vehicles

Viskup

Vereshchaga

Stadler

et al. 2020

The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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The pollutant emissions from vehicles are forming major sources of metallic nanoparticles into the environment and surrounding atmosphere. In this research we spectrochemicaly analyse chemical composition of Particle Matter emissions from in-use Diesel engine passenger vehicles. We have extracted Diesel Particulate Matter from the end part of the tail pipe, from more than seventy different vehicles. And in laboratory we have used the high resolution laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) spectrochemical analytical technique to sensitively analyse chemical elements in different DPM. We have found that PM is composed of major, minor and trace chemical elements. The major compound of PM is not strictly Carbon element but rather other adsorbed metallic nanoparticles such as Iron, Chromium, Magnesium, Zinc, Calcium. Beside the major elements of DPM there are also minor elements: Silicon, Nickel, Titan, Potassium, Strontium, Molybdenium and others. Additionally in DPM are adsorbed atomic trace elements like Barium, Boron, Cobalt, Copper, Phosphorus, Manganese and Platinum. All these chemical elements are forming significant atomic composition of real PM from in-use Diesel engine vehicles.

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Identification of the Minor Chemical Elements in the Particulate Matter Exhaust Emissions From In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Aldehyde-Assisted Aerobic-Oxidative Desulfurization of HDS Diesel Fuels by a Highly Effective Heterogeneous V-Substituted Keggin-Type Semiorganic Catalyst: Modeling of Experimental Design and Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights

Spectrochemical Analytical Characterisation of Particulate Matter Emissions Generated from In-Use Diesel Engine Vehicles

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