Identification of the potent toxin bongkrekic acid in a traditional African beverage linked to a fatal outbreak

Falconer, Travis M.; Kern, Sara E.; Brzezinski, Jennifer L.; Turner, James A.; Boyd, Brian; Litzau, Jonathan J.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.015

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…BKA is a polyunsaturated methoxy tricarboxylic acid polyketide produced by Burkholderia gladioli pathological variant cocovenenans ( de Bruijn et al., 1973 , van Veen and Mertens, 1934 ). Over 2,000 cases of human fatality from BKA poisoning have been reported in Indonesia, China, and Mozambique since 1950, due to contamination of corn or coconut products ( tempe bongkrek ) ( Anwar et al., 2017 , Falconer et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanism of Transport by the Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier

Ruprecht

King

Zögg

et al. 2019

Cell

255

420

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryMitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers transport ADP into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis, and ATP out to fuel the cell, by cycling between cytoplasmic-open and matrix-open states. The structure of the cytoplasmic-open state is known, but it has proved difficult to understand the transport mechanism in the absence of a structure in the matrix-open state. Here, we describe the structure of the matrix-open state locked by bongkrekic acid bound in the ADP/ATP-binding site at the bottom of the central cavity. The cytoplasmic side of the carrier is closed by conserved hydrophobic residues, and a salt bridge network, braced by tyrosines. Glycine and small amino acid residues allow close-packing of helices on the matrix side. Uniquely, the carrier switches between states by rotation of its three domains about a fulcrum provided by the substrate-binding site. Because these features are highly conserved, this mechanism is likely to apply to the whole mitochondrial carrier family.Video Abstract

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanism of Transport by the Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier

Ruprecht

King

Zögg

et al. 2019

Cell

255

420

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Forensic Chemistry Center laboratory expanded testing of the pombe and corn flour samples using a battery of forensic screening tests. These tests included non-targeted and quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and microbiological testing [2].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a Mass Poisoning in a Rural District in Mozambique: The First Documented Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning in Africa

Cook

et al. 2017

Clinical Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The compound is not expected to volatilize or hydrolyze in the environment, but may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight (Voragen et al, 1982). It is important to note that cooking foods contaminated with BA does not render them safe for consumption: although the bacteria are destroyed, the toxin itself is heat-stable (Falconer et al, 2017). Previous literature indicated that food poisoning events involving BA were found only in specific regions of Indonesia and China, as a result of consuming locally produced fermented foods, but posed a massive health threat and caused many lethal intoxications (Matsumoto et al, 2015;Falconer et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that cooking foods contaminated with BA does not render them safe for consumption: although the bacteria are destroyed, the toxin itself is heat-stable (Falconer et al, 2017). Previous literature indicated that food poisoning events involving BA were found only in specific regions of Indonesia and China, as a result of consuming locally produced fermented foods, but posed a massive health threat and caused many lethal intoxications (Matsumoto et al, 2015;Falconer et al, 2017). Outbreaks of BA food poisoning in these two regions exhibit high mortality rates, with numbers of 40% and 60% being reported on China and Indonesia, respectively (Anwar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Foodborne Pathogen Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans Harboring a Bongkrekic Acid Biosynthesis Gene Cluster

Peng

Dottorini

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The environmental bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans (B. cocovenenans) has been linked to fatal food poisoning cases in Asia and Africa. Bongkrekic acid (BA), a mitochondrial toxin produced by B. cocovenenans, is thought to be responsible for these outbreaks. While there are over 80 species in the Burkholderia genus, B. cocovenenans is the only pathovar capable of producing BA and causing human death. However, the genomic features of B. gladioli and the evolution of the BA biosynthesis gene cluster, bon, in B. cocovenenans remain elusive. In this study, 239 whole genome sequences (WGSs) of B. gladioli, isolated from 12 countries collected over 100 years, were used to analyze the intra-species genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of B. gladioli and to explore the origin and evolution of the bon gene cluster. Our results showed that the genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were above 97.29% for pairs of B. gladioli genomes. Thirty-six of the 239 (15.06%) B. gladioli genomes, isolated from corn, rice, fruits, soil, and patients from Asia, Europe, North America, and South America, contained the bon gene cluster and formed three clades within the phylogenetic tree. Pan- and core-genome analysis suggested that the BA biosynthesis genes were recently acquired. Comparative genome analysis of the bon gene cluster showed that complex recombination events contributed to this toxin biosynthesis gene cluster’s evolution and formation. This study suggests that a better understanding of the genomic diversity and evolution of this lethal foodborne pathovar will potentially contribute to B. cocovenenans food poisoning outbreak prevention.

show abstract

Identification of the potent toxin bongkrekic acid in a traditional African beverage linked to a fatal outbreak

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

The Molecular Mechanism of Transport by the Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier

The Molecular Mechanism of Transport by the Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier

Description of a Mass Poisoning in a Rural District in Mozambique: The First Documented Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning in Africa

Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Foodborne Pathogen Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans Harboring a Bongkrekic Acid Biosynthesis Gene Cluster

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About