Identification of therapeutic targets and mechanisms of tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancer using multiple-microarray analysis

Abstract

Lung cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer attributed to the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises 85% to 90% of lung cancers. The survival rate of patients with advanced stage NSCLC is in months. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain to be understood. We used 2 sets of microarray data in combination with various bioinformatic approaches to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NSCLC patients. We identified a total of 419 DEGs using the Limma package. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that “Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),” “RNA degradation,” and “Pyrimidine metabolism” pathways were significantly enriched in the NSCLC samples. Gene Ontology annotations of the 419 DEGs primarily comprised “glycosaminoglycan binding,” “cargo receptor activity,” and “organic acid binding.” Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in pathways related to “Malaria,” “Cell cycle,” and “IL-17 signaling pathway.” Protein protein interaction network analysis showed that the hub genes constituted of CDK1, CDC20, BUB1, BUB1B, TOP2A, CCNA2, KIF20A, CCNB1, KIF2C, and NUSAP1. Taken together, the identified hub genes and pathways will help understand NSCLC tumorigenesis and develop prognostic markers and therapeutic targets against NSCLC.

Evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of NUSAP1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and identify the relationship with genes, proteins, and immune factors

“…In PTC, patients with high NUSAP1 levels have shorter PFS and are prone to relapse. In NSCLC [ 37 ], LIHC [ 38 ], and other cancers, NUSAP1 is associated with a poor prognosis of the disease. We demonstrated that in PTC, NUSAP1 is an independent risk factor.…”

Aberrant mitochondrial homeostasis at the crossroad of musculoskeletal ageing and non-small cell lung cancer

“…Our literature search of the GEO and PubMed databases resulted in 14 microarray datasets [GSE25941 [ 41 ], GSE28392 [ 41 ], GSE28422 [ 41 ], GSE47881 [ 41 , 42 ], GSE47969 [ 42 , 43 ], GSE59880 [ 43 – 45 ] in musculoskeletal ageing; GSE118370 [ 46 ], GSE33532 [ 47 ], GSE19804 [ 48 , 49 ], GSE18842 [ 50 ], GSE27262 [ 51 , 52 ], GSE19188 [ 53 ], GSE31210 [ 54 , 55 ], GSE40791 [ 56 ] in NSCLC] ( S1 Table ). The former datasets included skeletal ( vastus lateralis ) muscle tissue biopsies from healthy young subjects ( n = 96) and older adults ( n = 110).…”

Osimertinib combined with bevacizumab as the first‐line treatment in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations

“…Lung cancer is the most common cancer type and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths globally; non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85%–90% of lung cancer cases 1,2 . The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene somatic mutations in the kinase domain are the most common targetable gene of NSCLC, which are found in ~40%–58% and 17%–21% of Asian and Caucasian patients, respectively 3–5 .…”

“…Lung cancer is the most common cancer type and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths globally; non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85%–90% of lung cancer cases. 1 , 2 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene somatic mutations in the kinase domain are the most common targetable gene of NSCLC, which are found in ~40%–58% and 17%–21% of Asian and Caucasian patients, respectively. 3 , 4 , 5 Although EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) have become the recommended treatment strategy for patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations, resistance would eventually occur with progression‐free survival (PFS) durations of 9.5–13.1 months for those treated with first‐ or second‐generation EGFR‐TKIs and 18.9 months for those treated with osimertinib.…”