Identification of Ti-S-C-containing Multi-phase Precipitates in Ultra-low Carbon Steels by Analytical Electron Microscopy.

Meng, Hua; García, C. I.; Eloot, Katrien; DeArdo, A. J.

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.37.1129

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…TiC has a fcc crystal structure (space group: Fm3m) with lattice parameters aϭ4.2-4.4 Å. 4) Thermodynamically TiC is formed in the ferrite phase stability range (ϳ700-900°C), mostly as dispersed particles. In the experimental steels fine TiC precipitates are observed throughout the matrix after annealing, however, their volume fraction, size and distribution vary from steel to steel.…”

Section: Ticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precipitation in Interstitial Free High Strength Steels

Ghosh

Ray

2009

ISIJ Int.

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Section: Ticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers, especially DeArdo and his group, [4][5][6][7][8] have extensively studied and reported the precipitation behavior of IF steels. However, there is no systematic report till date on the nature and extent of precipitation in IFHS steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation in Interstitial Free High Strength Steels

Ghosh

Ray

2009

ISIJ Int.

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“…It has been widely accepted that TiS is predominantly formed at temperatures higher than Ti 4 C 2 S 2 . [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] In addition, (d) solubility products of TiS and Ti 4 C 2 S 2 in austenite region have been proposed by many groups. 31,35,37,44,52,53,62,68) It has often been stated that sulfide precipitation in austenite phase can be fully described through thermodynamical calculation, but all the calculations are not always consistent with each other.…”

Section: Purpose Of Our Studies and Reviews Of Past Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Ishiguro¹,

Murayama²,

Fujita³

et al. 2009

Mater. Trans.

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The authors previously reported that even a trace level of copper (0.01% Cu) acts as a sulfide-former to form copper sulfide (Cu-S) in nonTi-added steel in which Mn has been thought to be the only sulfide-former so far. A new concept of copper-related sulfide precipitation is now extended to Ti-added steel. In addition, the total sulfide precipitation in Ti-added steel is reconfigured with the new knowledge of Cu-S. The new concept is shown in three consecutive papers. This first paper focuses on the sulfide precipitation in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel.Through TEM observation and quantitative chemical analysis, it is reported that the sulfide precipitation in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel reflects not only the precipitation in the austenite region but also the inevitable precipitation behavior during the cooling process from austenite to ferrite region, especially trace-level-Cu-induced Cu-S precipitation in ferrite region during rapid cooling. The mechanism of the inevitable sulfide precipitation during the cooling process is mainly based upon TiS-decomposition-induced morphological change and the reprecipitation of sulfur which remains solute over precipitatable limit during the heat-treatment in austenite region, and is precisely discussed in relation with Cu-S precipitation. Purpose of Our Studies and Reviews of Past ReportsThrough three consecutive papers, 1,2) the authors demonstrate the comprehensive concepts of sulfide precipitation in Ti-added steel in austenite and ferrite regions with the addition of a new concept of copper sulfide (Cu-S) precipitation induced by a small amount of 0.01%Cu, as well as the rarely-mentioned concept that Ti 4 C 2 S 2 and MnS are formed in ferrite region. The first paper focuses on sulfide precipitation in austenite region, including the phenomena in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel with the subsequent various cooling pattern.The following review provides explanations and comments on past studies of Cu-related precipitation, together with our purposes. These items are mentioned only in this paper, the first part of three consecutive papers. Therefore, the following description includes phenomena in both austenite and ferrite regions, because these phenomena are related to each other and cannot be completely separated. Table 1 shows the overviews of past studies on both Curelated precipitation in steel and sulfide precipitation in steel, together with the purpose of the three consecutive studies. Each item below is referred to as a ''parenthetic No.'' in Table 1. First of all, it has been believed as an established theory that (1) a small amount of Cu in non-Ti-added steel exists as solid solution, and many people have not paid any attentions to it. However, as our group has already pointed out, (2) such a trace level of Cu acts as a sulfide-former to form copper sulfide (Cu-S) in non-Ti-added steel whose sulfide-former is only Mn (more precisely, 0.01%Cu). [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The first purpose is (#1) to...

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“…In experimental steel, TiC is finer and has a denser distribution than TiN and Ti 4 C 2 S 2 . The EDS spectrum of the particle in Figure 4b shows that the atomic ratio of Ti to S is close to 2 (as shown in Figure 4e), and the particle can be identified as Ti 4 C 2 S 2 [9]. The distribution of Ti 4 C 2 S 2 is very inhomogeneous, often in the shape of strings or clusters (as shown in Figure 4b).…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 93%

“…There are several factors which affect the precipitation behavior of titanium precipitates, i.e., chemical composition, finishing temperature, coiling temperature, annealing temperature and so on. It is reported that Ti and S content will affect the type and fraction of precipitates [9]. Mo can also influence the precipitation behavior of TiC particles [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Batch Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Resistance to Fish Scaling of Ultra-Low Carbon Enamel Steel

Liu

Kang

Zhang

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:In the present work, an ultra-low carbon enamel steel was batch annealed at different temperatures, and the effect of the batch annealing temperature on the microstructure and resistance to fish scaling was investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a hydrogen permeation test. The results show that the main precipitates in experimental steel are fine TiC and coarse Ti 4 C 2 S 2 particles. The average sizes of both TiC and Ti 4 C 2 S 2 increase with increasing the batch annealing temperature. The resistance to fish scaling decreases with increasing the annealing temperature, which is caused by the growth of ferrite grain and the coarsening of the TiC and Ti 4 C 2 S 2 particles.

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Identification of Ti-S-C-containing Multi-phase Precipitates in Ultra-low Carbon Steels by Analytical Electron Microscopy.

Abstract: Pittsburgh, Belgium,The Ti-. S-, and C-containing particles in ultra-Iow carbon (ULC) interstitial free steels are frequently multi-phase in nature, consisting of TiS (9R) and Ti4C2S2 (H)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Precipitation in Interstitial Free High Strength Steels

Precipitation in Interstitial Free High Strength Steels

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Effect of Batch Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Resistance to Fish Scaling of Ultra-Low Carbon Enamel Steel

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Identification of Ti-S-C-containing Multi-phase Precipitates in Ultra-low Carbon Steels by Analytical Electron Microscopy.

Abstract: Pittsburgh, Belgium,The Ti-. S-, and C-containing particles in ultra-Iow carbon (ULC) interstitial free steels are frequently multi-phase in nature, consisting of TiS (9R) and Ti4C2S2 (H)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Precipitation in Interstitial Free High Strength Steels

Precipitation in Interstitial Free High Strength Steels

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) &mdash;Precipitation in Austenite Region&mdash;

Effect of Batch Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Resistance to Fish Scaling of Ultra-Low Carbon Enamel Steel

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Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—