Identification of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Rhipicephalus microplus in Yunnan Province, China

Jiao, Jun; Zhang, Jianing; He, Peisheng; Ouyang, Xue; Yu, Yonghui; Wen, Bin; Sun, Yuena; Yuan, Quan; Xiong, Xiaolu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.736484

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In recent decades, much attention has been paid to Rickettsiales bacteria circulating in this area. Numerous studies have been performed and many bacterial species belonging to the order Rickettsiales have been characterized in Yunnan Province ( Liang et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Jiao et al, 2021 ). One study revealed high positive rates of SFGR in domestic animals (goats, dogs, and cattle), and proved the existence of R. heilongjiangensis and a distinct Rickettsia ( Liang et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High diversity of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in ticks from Yunnan Province, Southwest China

Tian²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia belonging to the order Rickettsiales are causative agents of tick-borne diseases in humans. During 2021, 434 ticks including Rhipicephalus microplus and R. haemaphysaloides were collected from three sampling sites in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, and analyzed for the presence of these bacteria. Nine bacterial species were identified, including two Rickettsia spp., three Anaplasma spp., and four Ehrlichia spp., some of which are potential human pathogens. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis on 16S rRNA, gltA, groEL, ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes indicated the presence of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) named “Candidatus Rickettsia shennongii” in six of the 38 R. haemaphysaloides ticks from two locations, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture and Honghe City. Another SFGR species, Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis was detected in ticks from all three sites, with an overall positive rate of 62.67%. Three other human pathogenic species, Anaplasma ovis (1.38%, 6/434), Ehrlichia canis (16.36%, 71/434), and E. chaffeensis (0.23%, 1/434) were detected in these ticks and characterized. Moreover, Ehrlichia sp. (4.84%, 21/434), E. minasensis (7.37%, 32/434), A. marginale (6.91%, 30/434), and Cadidatus Anaplasma boleense (1.15%, 5/434) were detected in R. microplus ticks, for which pathogenicity to humans remains to be determined. The results reveal the remarkable diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in ticks from Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The high infection rate of some human pathogenic bacteria in ticks may indicate potential infection risk in humans, and it highlights the need for surveillance in local populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. jingxinensis in ticks from Yunnan Province ( Liu et al, 2020 ). In Jiao et al (2021) detected multiple tick-borne pathogens circulating in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Yunnan, including Ca. R. jingxinensis, A. marginale , and Coxiella burnetii .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High diversity of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in ticks from Yunnan Province, Southwest China

Tian²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…C. burnetii can also be transmitted through aerosols to practitioners in slaughterhouses and meat processing plants. In addition, a variety of ticks can carry C. burnetii, which play a role in the transmission between animals (18,19). The patient had an epidemiological history of visiting a slaughterhouse to purchase fresh beef in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Clinches the Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever and Verified by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay

et al. 2022

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Q fever is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. The clinical symptoms of acute Q fever are usually atypical, and routine serological tests of C. burnetii are not readily available, making the diagnosis of Q fever a challenge. In this case, we report a male patient who had repeated fevers and was administered empirical anti-infective treatment, but the effect was poor. After conducting relevant laboratory and imagological examinations, the etiology has not yet been confirmed. Subsequently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified the sequence reads of C. burnetii from the patient's peripheral blood within 48 h, and then the diagnosis of acute Q fever was established. Moreover, the serological test of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) of the C. burnetii antibody was further performed in the Centers for Disease Control, certifying the result of mNGS. The patient was ultimately treated with doxycycline and recovered well. mNGS is an unbiased and comprehensive method in infrequent or culture-negative pathogen identification. To our knowledge, this is the first case of acute Q fever identified by mNGS and confirmed by IFA in Taizhou, China. A further large-scale prospective clinical cohort study is worth carrying out to compare the diagnostic efficiency of mNGS with traditional serological methods and PCR in acute Q fever.

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“…The long or near full-length sequences of these phylogenetically important genes were obtained for the first time, and it was phylogenetically characterized as a species of the subgroup around R. japonica . Until now, it was only identified in East Asia, including Republic of Korea, and Southwestern and Northern China ( Guo et al., 2019 ; Qin et al., 2019 ; Kim et al., 2020 ; Li et al., 2020b ; Seo et al., 2020 ; Jiao et al., 2021b ; Park et al., 2021 ), whereas it was, for the first time, identified in Jiangsu province, Eastern China. Similar to other species (i.e., R. heilongjiangensis and R. japonica ) in this subgroup, Candidatus R. jingxinensis was observed to be able to infect humans with clinical characteristics of fever, erythematous rash, and eschar ( Kim et al., 2020 ), indicating a potential threat to public health of the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks from wild hedgehogs rather than domestic bovine in Jiangsu province, Eastern China

Jiao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundSpotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR), containing various pathogenic Rickettsia spp., poses remarkable negative influences to public health by causing various severe or mild diseases. Information regarding prevalence of SFGR in ticks in Jiangsu province, Eastern China, is still limited and needs urgent investigations.MethodsHedgehog- and bovine-attached ticks were collected from Jiangsu province, Eastern China. DNA of individual ticks was extracted for nested polymerase chain reaction amplifications targeting gltA, 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes following with sequencing. SFGR-specific IgG antibodies in sera of local donators were evaluated using ELISA.ResultsOverall, 144 (83.2%) of the 173 ticks from hedgehogs and 2 (1.2%) of the 168 ticks from bovine were positive for one of the three identified Rickettsia spp., with significant difference between the two groups (P = 3.6e-52). Candidatus Rickettsia principis (9; 5.2%) and R. heilongjiangensis (135; 78.0%) were detected in Haemaphysalis flava rather than in H. longicornis ticks from hedgehogs. R. heilongjiangensis (1; 0.6%) and Candidatus R. jingxinensis (or Candidatus R. longicornii) (1; 0.6%) were identified in H. longicornis and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from bovine, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated Candidatus R. jingxinensis belonged to R. japonica subgroup, whereas Candidatus R. principis belonged to a novel subgroup. Higher serological prevalence of spotted fever and SFGR-specific IgG antibody level in humans were observed around the investigated area than in urban areas, without significant difference.ConclusionCandidatus R. principis and Candidatus R. jingxinensis were identified in Jiangsu province, Eastern China, and fully genetically characterized for the first time. The higher prevalence of SFGR in hedgehog-attached ticks as well as the higher SFGR-specific IgG antibody level and seropositive rate in humans around the investigated area suggested that more attention should be paid to SFGR. This pathogen is usually transmitted or harbored by wild animals and ticks. This study provides important epidemiological data for both physicians and public health officers in developing early prevention and control strategies against potential Rickettsia infections and in the preparation of suitable testing and treatment needs for rickettsiosis in the endemic areas.

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Identification of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Rhipicephalus microplus in Yunnan Province, China

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

High diversity of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in ticks from Yunnan Province, Southwest China

High diversity of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in ticks from Yunnan Province, Southwest China

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Clinches the Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever and Verified by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay

High prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks from wild hedgehogs rather than domestic bovine in Jiangsu province, Eastern China

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