Identification of varicella-zoster virus strains by PCR analysis of three repeat elements and a PstI-site-less region

Takada, Minoru; Suzutani, Tatsuo; Yoshida, Itsuro; Matoba, M; Azuma, Mitsuo

doi:10.1128/jcm.33.3.658-660.1995

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is the first report of a PstI À BglI À VZV wild-type strain outside Australia and the first description of a PstI À wild-type strain in Germany. PstI À is a typical pattern of one-third of the Japanese wild-type strains and the Oka vaccine strain [Hondo et al, 1989;Takada et al, 1995], but all Japanese strains are BglI þ like the Oka vaccine strain [Takayama et al, 1996;Sauerbrei et al, 2003a]. Thus, our strain might result from recombination between dominant European strains and Oka vaccine strain or a European-type strain has acquired a PstI SNP by chance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Different genotype pattern of varicella‐zoster virus obtained from patients with varicella and zoster in Germany

Sauerbrei

Wutzler

2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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The general use of the varicella vaccine requires the surveillance of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains in patients infected with VZV. This paper reports the data achieved from a prospective study of genotyping VZV in Germany, analyzing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the open reading frames (ORF) 38, 54, and 62 as well as the polymorphism of the R5 repeat region. The study included 177 patients with varicella. Seventy-eight patients with zoster served as controls. Results revealed that 78% of VZV strains in patients with varicella had the genetic profile of the dominant wild-genotype occurring in Europe and 22% had the markers of African or Asian strains. Varicella patients with the profile of African or Asian strains were significantly younger than patients with varicella caused by the dominant genotype. By contrast, all zoster patients exhibited strains representing the majority of wild-type strains in Europe. In conclusion, VZV strains from patients with varicella have a significantly higher genetic variability than viral strains from zoster patients. Since variants with the markers of African or Asian strains could only be found in young children with chickenpox, the results suggest a changing scene of VZV genotypes in Germany. As reasons, the spread of viruses, which may be imported originally by persons immigrating from warmer climates, or the recombination between wild-and vaccine-type viruses have to be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Different genotype pattern of varicella‐zoster virus obtained from patients with varicella and zoster in Germany

Sauerbrei

Wutzler

2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Previous studies have shown that absence of a Pst1 restriction site in ORF 38 and the presence of a Bgl1 restriction site in ORF 54 differentiate vOka from wild type US [LaRussa et al, 1992[LaRussa et al, , 1998] and European [Hawrami and Breuer, 1997;Sauerbrei et al, 2003] viruses. The differences reflect geographical variation between the Japanese vOka and non-Japanese strains, and these markers do not distinguish vOka from its parent wild type virus or from other wild type Japanese strains [Takada et al, 1995]. More recently, mutations in vOka which create Sma1 [Loparev et al, 2000], Nae1, and BssHII [Gomi et al, 2000] restriction enzyme cleavage sites in ORF 62 and a substitution in ORF 6, which abolishes an Alu1 site [Takayama and Takayama, 2004], have been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms used to differentiate vaccine and wild type strains of varicella‐zoster virus

Quinlivan¹,

Gershon

Steinberg

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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Rashes following immunization with the vaccine strain (vOka) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) may occur in up to 5% of children and 10% of adults. In 40% of cases, the causative virus is the vaccine strain and in 60% wild type virus is found. Several reports have identified three restriction site polymorphisms in ORF 62 and the loss of one in ORF 6, which differentiate vOka from wild type VZV, including the parental wild type strain from which vOka, is derived. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzyme analysis, and sequencing, we analyzed the presence of these markers in the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK, UK) and Merck vaccine preparations as well as in 15 vaccine virus rashes and 15 wild type UK viruses. Our data suggest that a Sma1 positive and an Nae1 positive site in ORF 62 are present in the GSK and Merck vaccine preparations and all vaccine virus rashes. By contrast, a BssHII positive vaccine virus restriction site in ORF 62 and an Alu1 negative site in ORF 6 were mixed in the GSK and Merck vaccines and absent in some of the vaccine rashes. The BssHII site was also present in the European wild type C viruses in UK. The data suggest that unlike the Biken vaccine preparation, the Merck and GSK vaccine preparations are polymorphic for the BssHII and Alu1 restriction sites. These sites are also present variably in the vaccine viruses causing rashes following vaccination, and are therefore unreliable markers for differentiating vOka and wild type VZV strains.

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“…[17][18][19][20] In children acquiring herpes zoster subsequent to immunization, it is difficult to tell whether this results from vaccine-type or wild-type virus if the VZV is not differentiated. Several methods including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 21 and PCR, 2,22 are available for differentiation of wild-type from vaccine-derived VZV strains. Lawrence et al 16 demonstrated five cases of zoster occurring among 346 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who were immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes zoster in three healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken); the causative virus differed from vaccine strain on PCR analysis of the IV variable region (R5) and of a Pst I‐site region

1997

British Journal of Dermatology

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This study was undertaken to determine whether the causative virus was a vaccine-derived or wild-type virus when zoster occurred in healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken). The DNAs of clinical isolated strains and vaccine strain (Oka/Biken) were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction with two sets of primers for the variable region IV (R5 tandem direct reiterations, TDR) and for the region with a PstI site in a middle portion of the long unique segment of the varicella zoster virus genome. Of six zoster patients after vaccination with Biken, three clinical isolates were examined and had two copies in R5 TDR and were PstI-site positive. Therefore, these strains were different from the vaccine-type strain (Oka/Biken), which had two copies in R5 TDR and was PstI-site-negative. The mean age of onset of zoster was 4 years. The mean age of vaccination was 25 months. The mean interval between vaccination and onset of zoster was 22 months. Hence the results indicate that the causative virus of zoster in healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken) was wild type and differed from the vaccine strain. Some vaccinees probably do not have protective immunity for a long time after immunization because the mean interval between vaccination and onset of zoster was 22 months.

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Identification of varicella-zoster virus strains by PCR analysis of three repeat elements and a PstI-site-less region

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Different genotype pattern of varicella‐zoster virus obtained from patients with varicella and zoster in Germany

Different genotype pattern of varicella‐zoster virus obtained from patients with varicella and zoster in Germany

An evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms used to differentiate vaccine and wild type strains of varicella‐zoster virus

Herpes zoster in three healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken); the causative virus differed from vaccine strain on PCR analysis of the IV variable region (R5) and of a Pst I‐site region

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