Identifikasi Cendawan Mikoriza arbuskular (CMA) pada Beberapa Tekstur

Abstract

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK </span></p><p>Tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam hampir pada semua jenis tanah seperti gambut, liat berlempung dan lempung berpasir dengan proporsi kandungan tiap tekstur tanah berbeda-beda dilapangan. Cendawan mikoriza arbuskular (CMA) merupakan mikroorganisme tanah yang berperan sebagai mikroba perombak, membantu tanaman dalam penyerapan unsur hara dari tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis dan populasi spora mikoriza pada beberapa tekstur tanah dipertanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 (tiga) lokasi perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Sampit, Kalimantan Tengah, yaitu di lahan PT. Sapta Karya Damai (SKD), PT. Agro Bukit dan areal pertanaman kelapa dan kelapa sawit milik petani di Samuda besar. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2015. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan secara Purposive Sampling. Analisis contoh tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Balittro - Bogor. Parameter yang diamati, yaitu pH, kelembaban tanah, jenis dan jumlah populasi spora mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mikoriza yang ditemukan adalah dari jenis Glomus dengan populasi bervariasi menurut jenis tanah, yaitu berkisar antara 175,3 - 283 buah per 100 mg tanah. Populasi tertinggi, yaitu 283 spora per 100 mg tanah ditemukan pada jenis tanah gambut di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT. Agro Bukit yang belum berproduksi (umur <5 tahun). Populasi terendah, yaitu 175,3 spora per 100 mg tanah ditemukan pada tektur tanah liat berlempung di lokasi perkebunan kelapa sawit PT. Agro Bukit yang telah berproduksi normal (umur <br /> >10 tahun).</p><p>Kata kunci : Cendawan, mikoriza, tekstur, tanah, kelapa sawit.</p><p> </p><p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Identification of The Fungie Micorhyza Asbuscular on Saveral Soil Textures <br />at Oilpalm Plantation, Central Kalimantan </span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT </span></p><p>Oil palm trees planted in virtually all types of soil such as peat, clay and sandy clay with argillaceous proportion of the content of each soil texture is different in the field. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie (FAM) is a soil microorganisms that act as microbial crusher, helps plants to absorb nutrients from the soil. This study aims to identify the types and populations of mycorrhizal spores in soil texture on oilpalm plantation. The study was conducted at three (3) locations oil palm plantations in the district of Sampit, Central Kalimantan, namely in te area of PT. Sapta Karya Damai (SKD), PT. Agro Bukit and coconut plantations and oil palm farmers in Samuda Besar. The experiment was conducted in March and June 2015. Soil sampling is purposive sampling. Analysis of soil samples carried out in the Laboratory Testing Balittro - Bogor. The parameters observed were pH, soil moisture, type and number of mycorrhizal spores population. The results showed that mycorrhizae are found are of the type Glomus with a population varies according to the type of soil ranged between 175.3 to 283 pieces per 100 mg of soil. The highest population, namely 283 spores per 100 mg of soil found in the peat soil types in PT. Agro Bukit oil palm plantations wihich is not yet in production (<5 years). Lowest population is 175.3 per 100 mg of spores found in soil texture argillaceous clay in PT. Agro Bukit oil palm plantations who have production (>10 years).</p>Keywords : Fungi, michorrizal,textur, soil, oil palm.

Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Ameliorant on the Growth of Leucaena leucocephala in Limestone Post-mining Soil Media

“…(Jayani et al, 2018). FMA also helps absorb P nutrients which are useful in stimulating root growth especially in young plants and increasing plant resistance when nutrient deficiency and dryness such as in limestone post-mining soil (Manaroinsong & Lolong, 2015;Chairul et al, 2019). The results of the study (He et al, 2017) also mentioned that AMF inoculation had a significant influence on N and P nutrient uptake in limestone soils.…”

“…The average height, diameter, and biomass of the control seedlings only reached 7.23 cm, 0.57 mm, and 0.50 g, in contrast to the addition of 7.5% compost and MycoSilvi is able to produce the best average height, diameter, and biomass increase of 76.87 cm, 5.66 mm, and 7.70 g with a percent increase of 962.67%, 2016). AMF can produce phosphatase enzymes that convert P-bound compounds of Ca into ions and form external hyphae so that it is easier to enter smaller pore spaces and help absorb P nutrients further in the soil (Widiastuti et al, 2003;Manaroinsong & Lolong, 2015;Rosita et al, 2017). It also can maintains higher leaf water potential during periods of peak water stress (Dixon et al, 1993).…”

Endophytes and Rhizosphere Fungi from Galam (<i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i> Powell.) which has the Potential to Produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA)

“…Several factors that can affect the isolation process were nutrients, humidity, oxygen availability, temperature, acidity, and the content of organic matter in the soil (Alexander 1978). Besides, the diversity of endophytic fungi obtained in the isolation process can be affected by the sensitivity of the host plant to environmental factors, such as light intensity, soil temperature, humidity, nutrients, and soil pH (Manaroinsong & Lolong 2016).…”