Identifying a consistent pattern of neural function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis

McCarthy, Hazel; Skokauskas, Norbertas; Frodl, Thomas

doi:10.1017/s0033291713001037

Cited by 130 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The imaging results of this study are largely in line with the meta-analysis of McCarthy et al (2014) and Hart et al (2013), showing reduced activation in rIFG/insula and dmPFC areas. The rIFG is part of a putative inhibition network, connected via a direct pathway with the subthalamic nucleus (STN), both of which are connected with the pre-SMA (Aron, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…A recent meta-analysis (McCarthy et al, 2014) of five stop task studies in children with ADHD showed reduced activation in bilateral IFG/Ins, right medial frontal gyrus, and right superior and middle frontal gyri. Partially overlapping results were found in another meta-analysis (Hart et al, 2013) of 15 studies using the stop task or go-nogo (GNG) tasks, with reduced activation for ADHD in the right IFG/Ins, right SMA and ACC, right thalamus, left caudate and right occipital cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neural correlates of response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled version of the stop-signal task

Janssen¹,

Heslenfeld²,

Mourik³

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neural correlates of response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled version of the stop-signal task

Janssen¹,

Heslenfeld²,

Mourik³

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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“…Evidence from neuropsychological studies and functional brain imaging studies such as single-photon emission CT, functional MRI and positron emission tomography in individuals with ADHD have shown that neural activity is reduced in prefrontal cortex [3,6,35] . Interestingly, this area is involved in generation of autonomic tone and plays a vital role in higher order autonomic control [7,8] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Rate Variability in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Rukmani¹,

Seshadri²,

Thennarasu

et al. 2016

Ann Neurosci

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Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder. Autonomic nervous system plays a vital role in attention, self-regulation, emotional stability and social affiliation, which are affected in ADHD. The prefrontal cortex, which is vital for attention, motor control, emotional regulation and higher order autonomic control, is hypofunctional in ADHD. In addition, catecholamine dysregulation is there. Purpose: We hypothesized that there is autonomic dysfunction: reduction in overall heart rate variability (HRV) and sympathovagal imbalance in children with ADHD. Methods: Study criteria were drug-naïve ADHD children who were 7-12 years of age of either gender who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and did not have any associated comorbid psychiatric/neurological/medical disorders. Two hundred and seventy ADHD children were screened out of which only 12 were found eligible and 10 participated. Sample size was 20 (cases = 10, age- and gender-matched healthy controls = 10). Short-term HRV of both time and frequency domains were assessed by recording lead II electrocardiogram after using Tell-Show-Do, a behavior shaping technique. Comparison between groups was done using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test. Demographic variables like age, height, weight and body mass index were similar between groups. Results: Among time domain parameters, SD of all NN intervals, square root of the mean of the sum of squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals and percentage of count of number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms were reduced in ADHD group with p < 0.05. Among frequency domain parameters, total power was reduced in ADHD group with p < 0.05, high frequency power (HF) was reduced in ADHD group with p < 0.01 and low frequency power to HF ratio was higher in ADHD group with p < 0.01. Conclusion: There is autonomic dysfunction in children with ADHD - reduction in overall HRV with sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic dominance.

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“…Several studies have reported that right hemispheric dysfunction is most likely to result in the symptoms of ADHD [25,26]. In addition, several structural [27,28] and functional [29,30] brain imaging studies have also demonstrated smaller and less activated anterior regions in the right hemisphere. Even though many studies support the hypothesis of right hemispheric involvement in ADHD, other studies have reported opposite results or different opinions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Non-epileptic Children with Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder

Li¹,

Chen²,

Hung³

2018

Neuropsychiatry

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Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, however few studies have investigated epileptic seizures and electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence of epileptiform discharges in children with ADHD. Method:We enrolled children with ADHD who visited the neurology clinic of our hospital between January 2014 and June 2016, all of whom met the DSM-V criteria and underwent awake and sleep electroencephalography examinations. We excluded those with histories of intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, congenital anomalies and substance abuse. None of the patients had a history of seizures before the examination.Results: A total of 121 patients were included (93 males, 28 females, mean age 6.9±2.5 years), of whom 28 (23.1%) had electroencephalographic abnormalities, including three (10.7%) with generalized epileptiform discharges and 25 (89.3%) with focal epileptiform discharges. The focal epileptiform discharges were most prevalent from the rolandic area (15/25), followed by the parietal area (5/25), frontal area (4/25) and occipital area (1/25). Fourteen (50%) of the 28 patients had abnormal electroencephalographic findings only during sleep recordings. Conclusions:Electroencephalographic focal abnormalities were found in 23.1% of our patients, of which 50% appeared only during sleep recordings. We suggest that sleep and awake electroencephalography recordings should be part of the routine assessment of children with ADHD regardless of whether or not they have overt seizures or other neurological conditions. In patients who do not respond well to traditional ADHD drugs, treatment for paroxysmal electroencephalographic abnormalities may be considered.

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Identifying a consistent pattern of neural function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis

Cited by 130 publications

References 67 publications

Neural correlates of response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled version of the stop-signal task

Neural correlates of response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled version of the stop-signal task

Heart Rate Variability in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Non-epileptic Children with Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder

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