Objective: To evaluate the incidence, etiologies, clinical features and EEG findings of seizures among the neonates admitted to one medical center. Method:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of neonates who were diagnosed to have neonatal seizure at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of one medical center in Taiwan from January to December 2015. The clinical pictures, laboratory data, image and EEG findings were reviewed in all cases.Results: Neonatal seizures were diagnosed in 22 among 122 neonatal admissions in NICU in 2015. The most common type of seizures observed were subtle (77.2%), followed by tonic (13.7%) and clonic (9.1%) seizures. Acidosis was noted in cases with perinatal asphyxia and shock. The other laboratory data was non-contributory. Seventeen (77.3%) cases had abnormal EEG (focal spikes in majority) and 12 (54.5%) cases had abnormal image findings. Perinatal asphyxia (59.1%) was the most common cause of neonatal seizures, followed by CNS infection (18.2%), malformation syndrome (9.1%) and intracranial hemorrhage (9.1%). Conclusion:Neonatal seizures were found in about 18% of our NICU admissions in one year and the most common was subtle type. Perinatal asphyxia was the most common etiology of neonatal seizures, followed by CNS infection. EEG plays a major role in the diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal seizures.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, however few studies have investigated epileptic seizures and electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence of epileptiform discharges in children with ADHD. Method:We enrolled children with ADHD who visited the neurology clinic of our hospital between January 2014 and June 2016, all of whom met the DSM-V criteria and underwent awake and sleep electroencephalography examinations. We excluded those with histories of intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, congenital anomalies and substance abuse. None of the patients had a history of seizures before the examination.Results: A total of 121 patients were included (93 males, 28 females, mean age 6.9±2.5 years), of whom 28 (23.1%) had electroencephalographic abnormalities, including three (10.7%) with generalized epileptiform discharges and 25 (89.3%) with focal epileptiform discharges. The focal epileptiform discharges were most prevalent from the rolandic area (15/25), followed by the parietal area (5/25), frontal area (4/25) and occipital area (1/25). Fourteen (50%) of the 28 patients had abnormal electroencephalographic findings only during sleep recordings. Conclusions:Electroencephalographic focal abnormalities were found in 23.1% of our patients, of which 50% appeared only during sleep recordings. We suggest that sleep and awake electroencephalography recordings should be part of the routine assessment of children with ADHD regardless of whether or not they have overt seizures or other neurological conditions. In patients who do not respond well to traditional ADHD drugs, treatment for paroxysmal electroencephalographic abnormalities may be considered.