Identifying, Assessing, and Treating ADHD at School

Brock, Stephen E.; Jimerson, Shane R.; Hansen, Robin

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0501-7

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…2 ADHD can have a profound effect on relationships with family and friends, as well as hamper academic performance. 3 Therefore, behavioral intervention and/or drug treatment is usually required to mitigate these symptoms and impairments. Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom recommend the use of methylphenidate (MPH), dexamfetamine, and atomoxetine when drug intervention is considered appropriate for the management of ADHD symptoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate and the Risk of Trauma

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prone to sustaining trauma that requires emergency department (ED) admission. Methylphenidate (MPH) can reduce ADHD symptoms and may thus theoretically reduce the risk of trauma-related ED admission, but previous studies do not make this association clear. This study examines this association.METHODS: A total of 17 381 patients aged 6 to 19 years who received MPH prescriptions were identified by using the Clinical Data Analysis & Reporting System (2001. Using a self-controlled case series study design, the relative incidence of trauma-related ED admissions was compared with periods of patient exposure and nonexposure to MPH. RESULTS:Among 17 381 patients prescribed MPH, 4934 had at least 1 trauma-related ED admission. The rate of trauma-related ED admission was lower during exposed periods compared with nonexposed periods (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.97]). The findings were similar only when the incident trauma episode was assessed (IRR: 0.89 [95% CI: 0.82-0.96]). A similar protective association was found in both genders. In validation analysis using nontrauma-related ED admissions as a negative control outcome, no statistically significant association was found (IRR: 0.99 [95% CI: 0.95-1.02]). All sensitivity analyses demonstrated consistent results.CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that MPH is associated with a reduced risk of traumarelated ED admission in children and adolescents. A similar protective association was found in both male and female patients. This protective association should be considered in clinical practice.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are prone to sustaining trauma that requires emergency department (ED) admission. Methylphenidate can reduce attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms and thus theoretically may reduce the risk of traumarelated ED admission, but previous studies did not provide a clear association. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:For patients treated with methylphenidate, on-medication periods were associated with lower rates of traumarelated ED admission compared with offmedication periods. A similar protective association was found in both genders. Potential treatment benefit was greater for age $16 years. Mr Man had the original idea for the study, contributed to the development of the study, extracted data from the source database, constructed the study design and the statistical model, reviewed the literature, undertook the primary analysis, contributed to the interpretation of the analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Dr Chan had the original idea for the study, contributed to the development of the study and the interpretation of the analysis, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and provided oversight for all aspects of the project; Drs Coghill, Ip, Leung, and Tsui contributed to the interpretation of the...

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confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate and the Risk of Trauma

et al. 2015

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“…These two measures represent the most commonly used instruments for the identification of pediatric ADHD and other socioemotional behavior disorders (Brock et al, 2009). The CBCL consists of 113 items that parents endorse as problems that are “not true,” “somewhat or sometimes true,” or “very true or often true” when applied to their child’s behavior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-etiology comparison of the socio-emotional behavioral profiles associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and specific language impairment

Redmond

Ash

2014

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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Cross-etiology comparisons provide important information that can help practitioners establish criteria for differential diagnosis and tailor interventions towards the source of children’s difficulties. This study examined the extent to which parent rating scales of socioemotional behavioral difficulties differentiate cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from cases of specific language impairment (SLI), and typical development (TD). Parents of 60 children (7–8 years) completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) and the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised (Conners, 2004). Significant differences were observed between ratings provided for the children with ADHD and the children with SLI and TD across several scales which assessed behavioral and emotional difficulties. Most of the observed differences between ratings provided for the SLI and TD groups were not significant when nonverbal IQ was treated as a covariate or when syndrome scales were adjusted for the presence of language and academic items. In contrast, these adjustments had little impact on observed differences between the children with ADHD and the other groups. These results highlight important and clinically useful differences between the scope and the scale of socioemotional behavior difficulties associated with ADHD and SLI.

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“…There are two types of screening that are relevant in the assessment of ADHD: universal screening and screening of students who are identified as at risk to determine the need for further evaluation (for more details on both screening approaches, see Brock, Jimerson, & Hansen, 2009). There are at least two ways that universal screening data may be of use in the assessment of ADHD.…”

Section: Screeningmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There are at least two ways that universal screening data may be of use in the assessment of ADHD. First, these data can be used for case finding (Brock et al, 2009) by providing a systematic way to identify students who demonstrate risk factors. Second, screening data can be used as one source of data to substantiate ADHD diagnoses communicated to school staff by physicians and/or parents.…”

Section: Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%