Identifying Candidate Biomarkers for Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Case–Control Study

Abstract

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Kallikrein-related peptidases have been identified as biomarkers in many human tumors and may influence tumor behavior. We investigated KLK1-15 messenger ribonucleic acid and proteins in PA specimens to determine a KLK expression profile for this tumor. Fresh frozen PA tissue specimens (n = 26) and matched controls were subjected to quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect KLK1-15 mRNA. Expression of KLK1, KLK12, KLK13, and KLK8 proteins were then evaluated via immunostaining techniques. Statistical analyses were performed with the level of significance set at P < .05. We observed downregulation of KLK1, KLK12, and KLK13 mRNA expression, and immunostaining studies revealed downregulation of the corresponding proteins. Histologic evidence of capsular perforation was associated with increased KLK1 protein expression. Tumor size was not associated with capsular invasion and/or perforation. This study is the first to detail a KLK expression profile for PA at both the transcriptional level and the protein level. Future work is required to develop clinical applications of these findings.

Prognostic value of kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12) mRNA expression in triple-negative breast cancer patients

“…The KLK12 gene belongs to the kallikrein gene cluster (Yousef et al 2000) and is expressed in a variety of normal tissue including colon, salivary glands, stomach, trachea and vagina (Shaw and Diamandis 2007). Deregulation of KLK12 expression has been observed in gastric (Li et al 2017) and skin (Giusti et al 2005(Giusti et al , 2006 disorders, and in gastric (Li and He 2016;Zhao et al 2012), salivary gland (Morrison et al 2018), prostate (Memari et al 2007), breast (Papachristopoulou et al 2018;Talieri et al 2012) and lung tumors (Planque et al 2008;Swarts et al 2013;Guillon-Munos et al 2011). The currently known functions of the KLK12 protease are mainly related to angiogenesis.…”