Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols

Salvucci, Dario D.; Goldberg, Joseph H.

doi:10.1145/355017.355028

Cited by 1,606 publications

(1,110 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Gaze behaviour was analyzed off-line using the Tobii software analysis package with the Clearview Fixation Filter [42]. The Clearview fixation filter defines the maximum pixeldistance between two points for them to be considered belonging to the same fixation and the minimum time for which gaze needs to be within the radius to be considered a fixation.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Eye Movement Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional processing of other’s facial display of pain: An eye tracking study

Vervoort

Trost

Prkachin

et al. 2013

Pain

114

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Section: Data Analysis and Eye Movement Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional processing of other’s facial display of pain: An eye tracking study

Vervoort

Trost

Prkachin

et al. 2013

Pain

114

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“…Within included trials, eye movement samples were then classified as fixations or saccades using a velocity-based algorithm with a threshold of 60 degrees/sec (Salvucci & Goldberg, 2000). Data samples with a velocity above this threshold were marked as occurring during a saccade and excluded from further analysis.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Gaze During Observation of Irrational Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions

Marsh

Pearson

Ropar

et al. 2014

J Autism Dev Disord

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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Adults with ASC may have difficulty with action understanding or mentalizing  Understanding action rationality involves both of these processes  Here, autistic comprehension of irrational actions is explored using eye tracking  ASC participants show reduced attention to action but typical rationality detection  Reduced social motivation may be driving reports of action understanding impairment Predictive Gaze in Autism P a g e | 3 ABSTRACTUnderstanding irrational actions may require the observer to make mental state inferences about why an action was performed. Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have well documented difficulties with mentalizing; however the degree to which rationality understanding is impaired in autism is not yet clear.The present study uses eye-tracking to measure online understanding of action rationality in individuals with ASC. Twenty adults with ASC and 20 typically developing controls, matched for age and IQ watched movies of rational and irrational actions while their eye movements were recorded. Measures of looking time, saccade origin and saccade latency were calculated. Results from looking time and saccade origin analyses demonstrate that participants with ASC have reduced visual attention to salient action features such as the action goal and the hand performing the action, regardless of action rationality. However, when participants with ASC do attend to these features, they are able to make anticipatory goal saccades as quickly as typically developing controls. Taken together these results indicate that individuals with autism have reduced attention to observed actions, but when attention is maintained, goal prediction is typical. We conclude that the basic mechanisms of action understanding are intact in individuals with ASC although there may be impairment in the top-down, social modulation of eye movements.KEYWORDS: autism, action understanding, rationality, eye tracking, social motivation Predictive Gaze in Autism P a g e | 4

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“…That is, the results were generated from gaze points that were not segregated into saccades and fixations. The use of a simple velocity threshold criteria for saccade-fixation segregation (Salvucci and Goldberg, 2000) with the cut-off set to 30 degrees sec −1 and subsequently labeled saccades removed from study did not change our basic findings, but did improve results across the board for human subjects. Though the effect was small, this finding is consistent with the theory that visual processing does not occur during saccades.…”

Section: Data and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Behavioral Analysis of Computational Models of Visual Attention

Shic

Scassellati

2006

Int J Comput Vision

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Abstract. Robots often incorporate computational models of visual attention to streamline processing. Even though the number of visual attention systems employed on robots has increased dramatically in recent years, the evaluation of these systems has remained primarily qualitative and subjective. We introduce quantitative methods for evaluating computational models of visual attention by direct comparison with gaze trajectories acquired from humans. In particular, we focus on the need for metrics based not on distances within the image plane, but that instead operate at the level of underlying features. We present a framework, based on dimensionality-reduction over the features of human gaze trajectories, that can simultaneously be used for both optimizing a particular computational model of visual attention and for evaluating its performance in terms of similarity to human behavior. We use this framework to evaluate the Itti et al. (1998) model of visual attention, a computational model that serves as the basis for many robotic visual attention systems.

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Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols

Cited by 1,606 publications

References 17 publications

Attentional processing of other’s facial display of pain: An eye tracking study

Attentional processing of other’s facial display of pain: An eye tracking study

Predictive Gaze During Observation of Irrational Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions

A Behavioral Analysis of Computational Models of Visual Attention

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