Identifying non-tariff barriers: evolution of multilateral instruments and evidence from the disputes (1948−2011)

Santana, Roy; Jackson, Lee Ann

doi:10.1017/s1474745612000316

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this respect, NTMs have become more significant in trade facilitation. Meanwhile, Santana and Jackson () report the top five types of NTMs in the nonagricultural market access (NAMA) negotiation in the WTO. Table shows that standards and technical regulations, which define specific characteristics and test methods, ranked highest among NTMs in 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do mutual recognition agreements influence trade?

Jang

2018

Review Development Economics

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This paper empirically tests how the magnitude of trade promotion effects of mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) varies with various mediums. The main rationale for the research is that because an MRA eliminates technical barriers to trade (TBT), the trade promotion effects of MRAs are inversely much stronger if TBT originally restricted trade before their entry into force. Using data on MRAs and international trade in 34 countries and 22 manufacturing sectors covering 1995 to 2009, the paper empirically shows that the trade promotion effects of MRAs can be much stronger, depending on the type of contract, time period after the entry into force, components of exports, and country and industry characteristics such as technology level and global competitiveness. The results will provide insight for policy makers and stakeholders who cooperate with foreign countries in various regulations, especially in developing countries that have low levels of technology, competitiveness, and regulatory governance capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do mutual recognition agreements influence trade?

Jang

2018

Review Development Economics

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“…The possibility to win a WTO dispute of a system of regular monitoring of emerging restrictions through the analysis of national reports, requests from national companies, etc (Santana and Jackson, 2012). Thus, the subject of a trade dispute and its industry orientation directly affects the expected result of a trade dispute.…”

Section: Factors Predicting the Probability Of Winning A Trade Disputementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to add a type of trade dispute depending on the category of the contested measure (tariff/non-tariff) Source(s): Own elaboration Table 1. Factors predicting the probability of winning a trade dispute JEFAS 27,54 of a system of regular monitoring of emerging restrictions through the analysis of national reports, requests from national companies, etc (Santana and Jackson, 2012). Thus, the subject of a trade dispute and its industry orientation directly affects the expected result of a trade dispute.…”

Section: The Possibility To Win a Wto Disputementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify non-tariff restrictions, countries analyse incoming requests from exporters, use the services of trade representative offices, etc. The identification of illegal non-tariff restrictions requires an appropriate level of training of national specialists, the organization of a system of regular monitoring of emerging restrictions through the analysis of national reports, requests from national companies, etc (Santana and Jackson, 2012). Thus, the subject of a trade dispute and its industry orientation directly affects the expected result of a trade dispute.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the possibility of winning a WTO dispute before being involved

Klishch

Larionov

2022

JEFAS

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PurposeThis article focuses on whether there is a chance to win a World Trade Organization (WTO) trade dispute at the consultation stage. The study suggests an approach to resolving trade disputes on a bilateral level before involving formal WTO resolution procedures.Design/methodology/approachThe model describes the determinants of the probability of winning a trade dispute. The econometric model estimates two different groups of factors available during the consultation period – macroeconomic factors and the institutional features of the trade dispute, such as the number of third parties. The data includes WTO trade disputes from 1995 to 2014.FindingsThe suggested model predicts the result of trade disputes with a probability of 76.64%. The research proves that institutional factors such as the number of third parties and the subject of the trade dispute influence the probability of winning.Practical implicationsThe results of the study help predict the probability of winning a trade dispute at the consultation stage so that countries can decide whether to pursue a trade dispute.Originality/valueThe research presents several new hypotheses on the results of trade disputes. The authors show that the higher the number of countries involved, the higher the chance of the complainant winning and that if major parties such as the US or the European Union (EU) are involved as third parties, the chance of the complainant winning increases.

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“…International politics matters even more for agriculture. First, trade disputes are more common within the agricultural sector compared to the non‐agricultural sector (Santana & Jackson, 2012). Prominent trade disputes between the United States and Canada have been within the agri‐food and forestry sectors (Biggs et al., 2006).…”

Section: Does Politics Matter For Agri‐food Trade?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of international politics on agri‐food trade: Evidence from US–Canada bilateral relations

Afesorgbor

Beaulieu

2021

Canadian J Agri Economics

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A well‐functioning trade relationship between Canada and the United States is crucial to the economic vitality of the Canadian agri‐food industry. However, agri‐food trade is more susceptible than other sectors to political interventions. The Trump presidency has strained Canada–US relations and his trade policy actions have significantly increased trade restrictions and trade policy uncertainty and undermined the rules‐based global trading system. We examine the pattern of agri‐food trade between the two countries and find that the upward trajectory of bilateral agri‐food trade ended in 2013. Although this flatlining predates the Trump administration, we show that Trump increased trade policy uncertainty starting in 2017 and likely impacted further expansion of trade. We examine what might change under the Biden presidency and argue that the new administration is likely to restore strong relationships with allies and work to rebuild important international institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although protectionist forces will continue to impact bilateral agri‐food trade, we expect closer political ties between a Biden administration and the Canadian Prime Minister. This should have a positive effect on the Canadian agri‐food industry by reducing trade uncertainties, thereby increasing agri‐food trade between Canada and the United States.

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Identifying non-tariff barriers: evolution of multilateral instruments and evidence from the disputes (1948−2011)

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

How do mutual recognition agreements influence trade?

How do mutual recognition agreements influence trade?

Assessing the possibility of winning a WTO dispute before being involved

Role of international politics on agri‐food trade: Evidence from US–Canada bilateral relations

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