“…Nevertheless, the research that does exist indicates that learners should be equipped with the ability to regulate their affective states to increase task persistence and improve learning outcomes (Davis, DiStefano, & Schutz, 2008;Pekrun, 2006). Affect regulation (AR) pertains to the set of processes individuals use to increase, decrease, or maintain particular affective states to achieve desired outcomes (Gross & Thompson, 2007).…”