Identifying the ecological and societal consequences of a decline in Buxus forests in Europe and the Caucasus

Mitchell, Ruth J.; Chitanava, Savely; Дбар, Р. С.; Kramarets, Volodymyr; Lehtıjärvı, A.; Matchutadze, Izolda; Mamadashvili, Giorgi; Matsiakh, Iryna; Nacambo, Saidou; Papazova–Anakieva, Irena; Sathyapala, Shiroma; Tuniyev, Boris S.; Vétek, Gábor; Zukhbaia, Marine; Kenis, Marc

doi:10.1007/s10530-018-1799-8

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The loss of box trees in the understorey of beech forests adversely impacts ecosystem functioning, particularly on steep slopes. Wild box trees play a key role in the prevention of erosion, debris flows and landslides (Mitchell et al, ). Their role as an economic source for timber is negligible, although box wood is very suitable for carving and has a considerable societal function in many cultures (Mitchell et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, the moth was first detected in 2006 in south‐western Germany and the Netherlands, where it was likely introduced with the shipment of plant material from East Asia (Van der Straten & Muus, ). Cydalima perspectalis has subsequently spread throughout Europe except in Fenno‐Scandinavia, northern Scotland and high mountain areas, and in Turkey and the Caucasus up to Iran (CABI, ; Mitchell et al, ; Wan et al, ). Depending on local climate, elevation and latitude, C. perspectalis has one to three generations per year (Nacambo et al, ; B. Baur unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to horticultural box trees in parks and private gardens, legislation does not allow any application of chemicals to protect wild box trees in forests in Switzerland and Germany. It is therefore expected that large forest areas of wild box trees will be lost (John & Schuhmacher, 2013;Mitchell et al, 2018). Furthermore, the defoliation and death of box trees results in changes in the abundance and species composition of the ground vegetation in forests (John & Schuhmacher, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Defoliation of wild native box trees (Buxus sempervirens): Does box rust (Puccinia buxi) infection influence herbivory, survival and growth of the invasive Cydalima perspectalis?

Baur

Jung

Rusterholz

2019

J Applied Entomology

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The invasive box‐tree moth Cydalima perspectalis causes damage to horticultural box trees (Buxus spp.) in private gardens and parks in Europe and defoliation of large areas of European native box trees Buxus sempervirens, which grow in the understorey of deciduous forests. In some parts of their distribution area, wild native box trees are infected by the box rust Puccinia buxi, a fungus which does not occur in the native range of C. perspectalis. We examined whether the infection of P. buxi deters grazing by C. perspectalis in 31 wild box‐tree stands in forests in north‐western Switzerland and south‐western Germany. On average, 82.4% of the box trees were infested by P. buxi (among‐site variation 20%–100%), or 18.5% of their leaves. Linear mixed‐effect (LME) models revealed that the percentage of rust‐infected leaves was influenced by the local box‐tree density and the slope aspect of the forest site. 9.5% of the leaves showed grazing damage by C. perspectalis. LME showed that the percentage of leaves with grazing damage was affected by the elevation of the site and the percentage of rust‐infected leaves. The effect of box rust infection on food choice and larval performance (survival and growth rate) was examined in two experiments. In food‐choice tests, larvae of C. perspectalis did not show any preference for uninfected or rust‐infected box‐tree leaves and consumed similar amounts of leaf tissue of either type. However, when larvae were reared on leaves with three different degrees of P. buxi‐infection (and uninfected leaves as control), both survival and growth rate decreased with increasing degree of rust infection. This indicates that larval performance of C. perspectalis is reduced by the box rust. In the case of an outbreak of C. perspectalis, however, larvae may indiscriminately defoliate wild box trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defoliation of wild native box trees (Buxus sempervirens): Does box rust (Puccinia buxi) infection influence herbivory, survival and growth of the invasive Cydalima perspectalis?

Baur

Jung

Rusterholz

2019

J Applied Entomology

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“…Females lay their eggs on boxwood leaves, and larval feeding may lead to complete defoliation of the shrubs. Besides being a pest of major concern in urban environments all over Europe, in the western, southern and eastern parts of the continent, large areas of natural boxwood forests are also at a severe risk posed by this pest [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Because of its non-native origin, BTM has only a limited number of natural enemies in Europe [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oil Headspace Volatiles Prevent Invasive Box Tree Moth (Cydalima perspectalis) Oviposition—Insights from Electrophysiology and Behaviour

Szelényi

Erdei

Jósvai

et al. 2020

Insects

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The box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis Walker) is an invasive species in Europe causing severe damage both in natural and ornamental boxwood (Buxus spp.) vegetation. Pest management tactics are often based on the use of chemical insecticides, whereas environmentally-friendly control solutions are not available against this insect. The application of essential oils may provide effective protection against oviposition and subsequent larval damage. Oviposition deterrence of cinnamon, eucalyptus and lavender essential oils was tested on female C. perspectalis in behavioural bioassays. Our results indicate that all the studied essential oils may be adequate deterrents; however, cinnamon oil exhibited the strongest effect. To determine the physiologically active compounds in the headspace of the essential oils, gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography recordings were performed in parallel with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the volatile constituents. In addition, the release rates of various components from vial-wick dispensers were measured during the oviposition bioassay. These results may serve as a basis for the development of a practical and insecticide-free plant protection method against this invasive moth species.

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“…The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker, Lepidoptera: Crambidae (BTM) is a devastating invasive pest of the Buxus genus, originating in East Asia (Inoue 1982). Beside cultural, social and economic impact, the most serious threat from BTM is likely to be on the natural Buxus populations (Kenis et al 2013; Mitchell et al 2018). Boxwood is a small tree or shrub, typically growing in the understory of deciduous and evergreen broadleaved forests in south-western Europe, the Russian Caucasus and other regions (di Domenico et al 2012; Mitchell et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Female-Targeted Lure for the Box Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): a Preliminary Report

et al. 2019

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The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis, is an invasive pest in Europe causing damage on Buxus species. In this study, we aimed to develop a “bisexual” lure to attract both female and male moths. Based on a previous screening bioassay we tested methyl salicylate, phenylacetaldehyde and eugenol as potential attractants in different combinations. The trapping results showed that both binary and ternary blends attracted male and female moths. Catches with these blends were comparable to catches with the synthetic pheromone. Subsequently we carried out single sensillum recordings, which proved the peripheral detection of the above-mentioned compounds on male and female antennae. To identify synergistic flower volatiles, which can be also attractive and can increase the trap capture, we collected flower headspace volatiles from 12 different flowering plant species. Several components of the floral scents evoked good responses from antennae of both females and males in gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. The most active components were tentatively identified by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry as benzaldehyde, cis -ß-ocimene, (±)-linalool and phenethyl alcohol. These selected compounds in combination did not increase significantly the trap capture compared to the methyl salicylate- phenyacetaldehyde blend. Based on these results we discovered the first attractive blend, which was able to attract both adult male and female C. perspectalis in field conditions. These results will yield a good basis for the optimization and development of a practically usable bisexual lure against this invasive pest.

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Identifying the ecological and societal consequences of a decline in Buxus forests in Europe and the Caucasus

Cited by 49 publications

References 66 publications

Defoliation of wild native box trees (Buxus sempervirens): Does box rust (Puccinia buxi) infection influence herbivory, survival and growth of the invasive Cydalima perspectalis?

Defoliation of wild native box trees (Buxus sempervirens): Does box rust (Puccinia buxi) infection influence herbivory, survival and growth of the invasive Cydalima perspectalis?

Essential Oil Headspace Volatiles Prevent Invasive Box Tree Moth (Cydalima perspectalis) Oviposition—Insights from Electrophysiology and Behaviour

Development of a Female-Targeted Lure for the Box Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): a Preliminary Report

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