Identifying the Optimal Role for Pharmacists in Care Transitions: A Systematic Review

Ensing, Hendrik T.; Stuijt, Clementine C. M.; Bemt, Bart J F van den; Dooren, Ad A. van; Karapinar-Çarkıt, Fatma; Koster, Ellen S.; Bouvy, Marcel L.

doi:10.18553/jmcp.2015.21.8.614

Cited by 96 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Furthermore, most of these studies have utilized pharmacy services for specific high-risk populations versus all discharged patients [19,20,22,23,35,37]. This study adds to the existing but limited body of literature emphasizing a reduction in readmissions, albeit non-significant, following face-to-face pharmacist hospital follow-up visits with a multidisciplinary team in a patient-centered medical home.…”

Section: Associated Medications and American Hospital Formulary Servimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…complete list of medication information-should not be performed alone, but combined with counseling and a clinical medication review [18,22,23,35,36].…”

Section: Associated Medications and American Hospital Formulary Servimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…this intervention [20][21][22]. The majority of studies evaluating pharmacist involvement have incorporated interventions while the patient is in the acute care setting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These interventions had a greater impact when conducted at either admission or discharge, but were found to be less effective across multiple transitions in care, including in the ambulatory care setting [20]. A systematic review by Ensing and colleagues found that performing medication reconciliation alone is insufficient in reducing post-discharge clinical outcomes (ie, mortality, readmissions, emergency department visits, and adverse drug events [ADEs]), and should be combined with active patient counseling and a clinical medication review [22]. Both analyses highlighted the need for more well-designed studies to determine the patient population and transition points where pharmacist involvement is most beneficial [20,22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Hospital Discharge Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study Exploring the Value of Pharmacist-Enhanced Care and Describing Medication-Related Problems

Hawes

Pinelli

Sanders

et al. 2018

North Carolina Medical Journal

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Section: Associated Medications and American Hospital Formulary Servimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…complete list of medication information-should not be performed alone, but combined with counseling and a clinical medication review [18,22,23,35,36].…”

Section: Associated Medications and American Hospital Formulary Servimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…this intervention [20][21][22]. The majority of studies evaluating pharmacist involvement have incorporated interventions while the patient is in the acute care setting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Hospital Discharge Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study Exploring the Value of Pharmacist-Enhanced Care and Describing Medication-Related Problems

Hawes

Pinelli

Sanders

et al. 2018

North Carolina Medical Journal

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“…This is critical as poor communication and inadequate transfer of patient information after discharge from hospital can have serious implications to patients' health. [38][39][40][41][42] The pharmacist's role as a transition enabler is well described in the literature. Hospital pharmacists have been key players in providing continuity of care from hospital to community settings communicating with and transferring information to community pharmacists and primary care physicians about patients' medications.…”

Section: Transition Enablermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital pharmacists' perceptions of medication counseling: A focus group study

Chevalier

Watson

Barras

et al. 2016

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

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BackgroundMedication counselling sessions are key times for a pharmacist to speak to patients about their medications and the changes made to their therapies during their hospital stay. ObjectivesTo explore hospital pharmacists' perceptions of their roles and goals in patient medication counselling, and perceived barriers and facilitators to achieving their goals. MethodsHospital pharmacist focus groups were held in two tertiary referral hospitals. Eligible pharmacists had provided medication counselling within the previous six months in inpatient and/or outpatient settings. Interested pharmacists attended a focus group designed to elicit their opinions and perceptions of patient medication counselling. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to the data to identify initial patterns (codes) which were then organized into common overarching themes using NVivo ® software. The codes were reviewed for reliability by pharmacists independent of the focus groups. ResultsSix, one-hour focus groups were conducted with a total of 24 pharmacists participating. Saturation of information was determined after four focus groups. Greater than 80% consensus was achieved for reliability of the identified codes. A number of themes emerged from these codes around the goals, roles, and the barriers and facilitators to meeting these goals. Pharmacists' patient-centred goals in medication counselling were to build rapport, to empower patients and to improve patients' experience, health and safety. These goals would be accomplished through specific roles such as being an assessor, educator and problem-solver. Pharmacists frequently cited time pressures caused by systemic (hospital), and pharmacy specific processes as key challenges to achieving their goals. Factors that enabled pharmacists to meet their goals were those related to effective interprofessional collaboration and the quality of professional practice (such as training, expanded roles and advanced planning for discharge). ConclusionsHospital pharmacists emphasised patient-centred goals in medication counselling and outlined the challenges to meet those goals. The findings from this study will be used to develop strategies for effective communication and inform pharmacy practice changes to improve patient care. Key Words Hospital pharmacist Focus group Goal Role Communication M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTPage 2 of 27 IntroductionDischarge from hospital to community or to other healthcare facilities marks an important transition in care for patients. Discharge and other transitions such as admission to hospital or transfers within a hospital have been identified as particular times when patients may be at risk of experiencing medication errors and adverse events. 1-3 Medication counselling opportunities are key times for pharmacists to speak to patients about their medications and the changes made to their therapies during their hospital stay. 2,[4][5][6][7] Failure by a hospital phar...

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Consumer awareness and utilization of clinical services, and their satisfaction and loyalty with community pharmacies: Analysis of a US nationwide survey

Parker

Tak

Kim

et al. 2019

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Introduction Community pharmacies are the most accessible health care service locations. While providing greater patient health care access, there is a need for understanding consumer awareness and utilization of pharmacy‐provided services and their satisfaction and loyalty to the pharmacy setting. Objectives To determine consumer utilization and awareness of services and to identify what factors influence satisfaction and loyalty within a community pharmacy. Methods A 30‐minute online survey of 9202 adult consumers across the United States was conducted. Patient's self‐reported awareness and utilization, satisfaction with their community pharmacies, and likelihood to recommend their current pharmacy were scored. The likelihood to recommend scores was translated into a Net Promoter Score (NPS). Regression analysis was utilized to identify associated independent variables associated with consumer awareness, utilization, satisfaction, and loyalty to their community pharmacy. Results Consumer utilization of medication distribution services was more common than use of clinical services, even though many consumers are aware of available clinical services. Consumer satisfaction with and loyalty to their community pharmacy was ranked high (8.67 ± 1.39; 8.56 + 1.66 [both strongly agree], respectively). Trusting the pharmacist to provide accurate medication and general health information were ranked as strongly agree (8.25 ± 2.04) and moderately agree (6.42 ± 2.84). Consumer's NPS (+49.9) was moderately‐high with a major proportion being promoters (60.1%) of their community pharmacy. Multivariate regression showed that community pharmacy satisfaction and loyalty were modestly associated with advanced age, the provision of accurate medication and health information, and medication dispensing functions. Conclusion Satisfaction and loyalty are vital aspects in the delivery and efficacy of health care, especially in the community pharmacy setting. The results of this study show that consumers are promotors of community pharmacies and that pharmacists are an important source for health and medication information.

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Identifying the Optimal Role for Pharmacists in Care Transitions: A Systematic Review

Cited by 96 publications

References 61 publications

Post-Hospital Discharge Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study Exploring the Value of Pharmacist-Enhanced Care and Describing Medication-Related Problems

Post-Hospital Discharge Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study Exploring the Value of Pharmacist-Enhanced Care and Describing Medication-Related Problems

Hospital pharmacists' perceptions of medication counseling: A focus group study

Consumer awareness and utilization of clinical services, and their satisfaction and loyalty with community pharmacies: Analysis of a US nationwide survey

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