Identity of viridans streptococci isolated from cases of infective endocarditis

Douglas, C. W. I.; Heath, Jason; Hampton, K. K.; Preston, F. E.

doi:10.1099/00222615-39-3-179

Cited by 255 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Many of the species of these five clusters are major constituents of the commensal microbiota of the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract and are occasionally implicated in various pathologies. The anginosus group, formerly called "Streptococcus milleri" in some parts of the world (16), includes three recognized species (Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus) that are primarily associated with suppurative infections of tissues of the mouth and various body sites, including the meninges (9,37,44,54,56 Although they are commensals of the upper respiratory tract, S. pneumoniae is a major cause of both local and systemic infections and several of the other mitis group streptococci have long been recognized as important etiologic agents of subacute bacterial endocarditis (2,13); septicemia, particularly in neutropenic cancer patients (5,6,29); occasional cases of meningitis (8); and eye infections (1). The two species of the salivarius group associated with humans (Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus vestibularis) are usually considered to be of low virulence, although occasional life-threatening infections such as bacteremia and meningitis have been reported (11,43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

2005

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The aim of this study was to evaluate molecular and phenotypic methods for the identification of nonhemolytic streptococci. A collection of 148 strains consisting of 115 clinical isolates from cases of infective endocarditis, septicemia, and meningitis and 33 reference strains, including type strains of all relevant Streptococcus species, were examined. Identification was performed by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of four housekeeping genes, ddl, gdh, rpoB, and sodA; by PCR analysis of the glucosyltransferase (gtf) gene; and by conventional phenotypic characterization and identification using two commercial kits, Rapid ID 32 STREP and STREPTOGRAM and the associated databases. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of the four housekeeping genes allowed unequivocal differentiation of recognized species and was used as the reference. Analysis of single gene sequences revealed deviation clustering in eight strains (5.4%) due to homologous recombination with other species. This was particularly evident in S. sanguinis and in members of the anginosus group of streptococci. The rate of correct identification of the strains by both commercial identification kits was below 50% but varied significantly between species. The most significant problems were observed with S. mitis and S. oralis and 11 Streptococcus species described since 1991. Our data indicate that identification based on multilocus sequence analysis is optimal. As a more practical alternative we recommend identification based on sodA sequences with reference to a comprehensive set of sequences that is available for downloading from our server. An analysis of the species distribution of 107 nonhemolytic streptococci from bacteremic patients showed a predominance of S. oralis and S. anginosus with various underlying infections.The genus Streptococcus currently consists of more than 50 species, most of which belong to one of six phylogenetic clusters that are revealed by comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. In addition to the pyogenic group, which includes the traditional pathogenic species (i.e., hemolytic streptococci), these clusters are the anginosus group, the mitis group, the salivarius group, the bovis group, and the mutans group (30,34). Many of the species of these five clusters are major constituents of the commensal microbiota of the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract and are occasionally implicated in various pathologies. The anginosus group, formerly called "Streptococcus milleri" in some parts of the world (16), includes three recognized species (Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus) that are primarily associated with suppurative infections of tissues of the mouth and various body sites, including the meninges (9,37,44,54,56). The mitis group currently includes

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Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

2005

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“…There are several reports which have shown that the viridans streptococci are the most common cause of infective endocarditis (5,6) and the viridans group streptococcal bacteremia is more frequently inducible in patients with severe periodontal disease (7,8). However, there are no reports on the collective analysis of the oral VGS and its relation with infective endocarditis in cases of periodontitis.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 94%

Periodontitis, Bacteremia and Infective Endocarditis: A Review Study

Dhotre

Davane

Nagoba

2017

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Context: Earlier evidences show that periodontitis with inflamed and ulcerated crevicular or pocket epithelium surrounding the teeth may be a portal of entry for bacteria into the bloodstream. A newly proposed causal model predicts that an early bacteremia may affect the endothelial surface of the heart over many years and promote valve thickening rendering the heart valve susceptible to vegetation by a later bacteremia that would culminate over a few weeks into fulminant infection. Evidence Acquisition: In this review, various published sources of information pertaining to periodontitis, bacteremia and infective endocarditis were reviewed. This review is focused on the role of the viridans group streptococci (VGS) in periodontitis, bacteremia and infective endocarditis. Results: The viridans group streptococci present in the oral cavity were the most important causes of bacteremia following dental procedures and infective endocarditis. In most of the studies, significantly higher rates of bacteremia occurring in patients with periodontitis than patients without periodontitis indicated that periodontitis opens up the route for oral streptococci to gain entry into the bloodstream. In addition, the significantly higher rates of isolation of the VGS from the patients of infective endocarditis with periodontitis showed that there was a positive association between periodontitis, infective endocarditis and the VGS. Conclusions:The literature survey presented in this review suggests that there is a definite relation between periodontitis, bacteremia and infective endocarditis and would provide valuable data for the future dentists as well as the physicians, because a large proportion of the world's population lives a lifetime with periodontitis. Moreover, infective endocarditis still remains a cause of concern as this disease is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality regardless of modern antimicrobial and surgical treatment.

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“…It frequently causes bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) [1]. Kozarov et al examined 129 samples of DNA extracted from 29 atheromatous individuals for the presence of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences.…”

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confidence: 99%

Platelet aggregation promoted by biofilms of oral bacteria and the effect of mouth rinses in vitro

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to observe platelet aggregation promoted by biofilms of Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis and to evaluate the effect of two different mouth rinses on this process. Methodology: In the first experiment, the same amount of S. sanguinis, P. gingivalis, and the S. sanguinis + P. gingivalis mixed solution was added to an equivalent amount of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Aggregation was measured using a recording platelet aggregometer. In the second experiment, S. sanguinis, P. gingivalis, S sanguinis + P. gingivalis mixed solutions were pretreated with either Listerine antiseptic mouth rinse or Xipayi mouth rinse for 3 minutes, 6 minutes, and 10 minutes, respectively. The same amount of solution was added to the PRP, and the inhibition of aggregation was measured. Results: In the first experiment, S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis were able to induce platelet aggregation. The aggregation rate of S. sanguinis + P. gingivalis was significantly lower than that of either S. sanguinis or P. gingivalis. In the second experiment, when S. sanguinis, P. gingivalis, and the S. sanguinis + P. gingivalis mixed solutions were pretreated with Listerine antiseptic mouth rinse for 3 minutes and Xipayi mouth rinse for 10 minutes, there was no significant platelet aggregation. Conclusions: Platelets could adhere to S. sanguinis or P. gingivalis, but when S. sanguinis was mixed with P. gingivalis, the aggregation rate was reduced significantly. Treatment with Listerine antiseptic mouth rinse or Xipayi mouth rinse inhibited the ability of the bacteria to induce platelet aggregation.

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Identity of viridans streptococci isolated from cases of infective endocarditis

Cited by 255 publications

References 19 publications

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

Periodontitis, Bacteremia and Infective Endocarditis: A Review Study

Platelet aggregation promoted by biofilms of oral bacteria and the effect of mouth rinses in vitro

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