Ideology and Organization in Communist China

Schurmann, Franz

doi:10.1525/9780520311152

Cited by 382 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…(Schram 1989: 125-26) Under this new radical ideology, Mao and his followers launched the Great Leap Forward in 1958, which intended to make China a modern industrial nation in a few years. Schurmann (1968) highlights the fallacies of this plan by pointing out its alienation from the ground realities.…”

Section: The Crisis Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the ideological front, during 1957-58, Mao Zedong pushed forward his hardline approach to Marxism in the form of the 'theory of contradictions'. Schurmann (1968) explains the implications of Mao's 'theory of contradictions' in the following lines: While many of the dualities were still regarded as relationships during the mid-1950s, by 1957 and 1958, when Mao Tse-tung's vision of Chinese society began to unfold, relationships turned into contradictions. When the elements of a duality are in relationship, each is regarded as having an autonomous existence and operating according to particular principles, such as the so-called planned and nonplanned sectors during the First Five Year Plan period.…”

Section: The Crisis Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One, led by Chen Yun, wanted to follow the programmatic beliefs and policy legacies established during the early party rule; while the other, in which Mao Zedong and few of his allies wanted a more radical approach, sought a short-cut route to the Chinese transition to communism. Schurmann (1968) explains the causes and consequences of the ideological rift in the CCP:…”

Section: The Crisis Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Ideas in the Survival of the Chinese Communist Party

Khan

2005

China Report

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Three major questions are raised in this paper. First, why did the Dengist leadership pursue the ‘specific’ reform policies that ultimately proved to be successful? Second, how could the Chinese Communist party (CCP) legitimise its role in society after compromising on most of the socialist agenda? And third, why has the economic liberalisation not led to the democratic form of government in China even after more than two decades of reforms? By using Berman’s ideational approach (Berman 1998), it is found that a specific variant of socialism, which also allowed some of the capitalist tendencies, became institutionalised in the early history of the CCP. The ‘programmatic beliefs’ and ‘policy legacies’, which characterise this variant of socialism in China, constrained and guided the Dengist leadership to pursue the reforms that were compatible with Chinese conditions. As these reforms were within the framework of the ‘programmatic beliefs’ of the CCP, the party did not face legitimacy crisis in the eyes of the Chinese people, and thus retained its power after reforms.

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Section: The Crisis Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Crisis Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Crisis Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Ideas in the Survival of the Chinese Communist Party

Khan

2005

China Report

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“…The socioeconomic shocks preceding FDI liberalization in both countries reinforced these tendencies. Falkenheim (1980) and Schurmann (1968) found that the Great Leap Forward (1958)(1959)(1960)(1961)(1962) and the Cultural Revolution (1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976) accelerated decentralization and shifted competencies to local decision makers. These interest groups gained momentum following the deaths of Mao and were capable of garnering enough political support (Zhang, 2016).…”

Section: China and Vietnammentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign Direct Investment Liberalization in Communist Regimes: A Theoretical Model Based on the Comparison Among China, Cuba, North Korea, and Vietnam

Kriebitz

Max

2021

Political Studies Review

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What are the driving factors for foreign direct investment liberalization in formerly communist countries? Previous research explains foreign direct investment liberalization as a function of the intensification of international commerce and democratization; however, the likes of China, Cuba, North Korea, and Vietnam hardly fit into this narrative. The following contribution makes a theoretical argument about the causes of foreign direct investment liberalization in communist authoritarian regimes with highly centralized and closed economies. We argue that foreign direct investment liberalization is caused by external shocks materializing in policy adaptations. The degree of foreign direct investment liberalization depends on the balance of power between actors who favor liberalization and actors who stand to profit from rent-seeking economies. The relative power of both factions determines the magnitude and type of foreign direct investment liberalization. We test this theoretical argument using case studies, which include China and Vietnam as representatives of gradual transitions and Cuba and North Korea as representatives of traditional rent-seeking economies.

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“…Existing research indicates that in its quest for a modernized socialist polity, shortly after the revolution, the CCP sought many people to work in government, industry, education, and the media (Schurmann, 1968;Vogel, 1969;Lieberthal, 1980;White 1981;Pepper, 1996;Chang, 1997;U, 2003). Several factors encouraged this recruitment.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Hiring of Rejects

Eddy¹

2004

Modern China

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The official need to tackle urban unemployment and reform state establishments, together with unequal privileges granted by the state, formed the critical context for staff recruitment in the early People's Republic of China. This article, which examines hiring in secondary schools in Shanghai, shows that none of the elements mentioned was aimed at the political or technical needs of work organizations. As a result, the organizations that fell on the lower level of the socialist institutional hierarchy received staff members they did not want. In Shanghai secondary schools, large numbers of people whom the state considered politically suspicious or academically unprepared joined the faculty, even as the state was attempting to develop a system of socialist education. Their recruitment both accelerated the state's need to tighten political control in schools and damaged classroom teaching. The impact of this policy on the campus lasted well into the Cultural Revolution.

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Ideology and Organization in Communist China

Cited by 382 publications

References 0 publications

Role of Ideas in the Survival of the Chinese Communist Party

Role of Ideas in the Survival of the Chinese Communist Party

Foreign Direct Investment Liberalization in Communist Regimes: A Theoretical Model Based on the Comparison Among China, Cuba, North Korea, and Vietnam

The Hiring of Rejects

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