Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a Dutch Warmblood gelding

Loibl, J.; Thaller, Denise; Hoven, R. van den; Schwarz, Bettina

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00391.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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Maniacal behaviour in veterinary medicine is defined as 'uncontrollable behaviour that could result in injury to the patient or handlers'; in effect, it is the opposite of obtundation, a depressed state of mentation. In reality, both manic behaviour and obtundation are often seen in the same patient, as in the case of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis reported by Loibl et al (2013) in this issue, but the former state of agitation in a 500 kg animal with large teeth and metal shoes does have a singular way of focusing veterinarians' attention! Mania and depression have been seen as distinct, yet related, phenomena since ancient Greece and today mental illnesses which predominantly affect mood and behaviour are grouped into the category of Affective Disorders.

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confidence: 71%

The manic horse

Hahn

Connor

Clutton

2012

Equine Veterinary Education

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confidence: 71%

The manic horse

Hahn

Connor

Clutton

2012

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (EME) has been described rarely in dogs, cattle, one cat (Uchida et al 1993;Williams et al 2008;Windsor et al 2009) and recently in one horse (Loibl et al 2013). The diagnosis of idiopathic EME in dogs is established on the basis of a high percentage of eosinophils in the CSF analysis and exclusion of other underlying causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful treatment of a horse with presumed parasitic encephalitis

Wilford

Weller

Dunkel

2012

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryVerminous myeloencephalitis is a rare, but predominately fatal, cause of neurological disease in horses. A 6-year-old mare was admitted to the Royal Veterinary College Equine Referral Hospital following acute onset of depression, central unilateral blindness and compromised vision in the opposite eye. Based on pronounced eosinophilic inflammation detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and diagnostic imaging findings indicating a space-occupying lesion within the brain, a presumptive diagnosis of aberrant parasitic migration causing parasitic encephalitis was made. Treatment consisted of anti-inflammatories and high doses of an anthelmintic. The horse's condition improved, the neurological deficits and observed space-occupying lesion within the brain resolved completely and the mare returned to full work. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing complete recovery from suspected aberrant parasite migration in the CNS and will hopefully encourage treatment of suspected cases in the future.

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“…Rare but debilitating, these conditions are a research priority in human medicine (Bochner et al ; Khoury et al ; O'Sullivan and Bochner ). Horses suffer from EADs, including those that affect isolated body systems (Dixon et al ; Lankveld ; Uhlhorn et al ; Climent et al ; Loibl et al ; Archer et al ; Lassaline‐Utter et al ; Luethy et al ; Trimble et al ), as well as multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED), which affects multiple body systems simultaneously (Bosseler et al ). Lesions can occur in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, liver, pancreas, lymph nodes, kidney, bile ducts and respiratory tract (Bosseler et al ; Pucheu‐Haston and Del Piero ).…”

Section: Allergic Skin Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

Brosnahan

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Interpretation of eosinophilia in body fluids or tissues is often not straightforward. Eosinophil counts vary among clinically healthy individuals, and considerable overlap can occur between normal and affected animals in conditions such as allergic airway disease. Parasite exposure is a confounding factor when counts are increased, and in cases where very high counts and dramatic clinical signs make another disease process obvious, the underlying pathology may be uncertain and treatment difficult. Eosinophils are a component of the immune response in many diseases of the horse, but their specific role is often unknown and likely multifactorial. In helminth infections, eosinophils are assumed to be part of the normal host response to a pathogen, whereas in multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED), the predominance of eosinophils likely represents a wildly dysregulated response, or an abnormal response altogether. This distinction is still not clear for other diseases. Understanding the pathways involved in recruitment, activation or suppression of eosinophils is required for more accurate diagnostics, effective therapeutics, and successful strategies for prevention of eosinophil associated diseases. Eosinophils of the horse: Part II reviews published observations on the eosinophil in clinical diseases of the horse. The behaviour of eosinophils in three common and relatively wellstudied conditions is presented first, including gastrointestinal helminth infections, non-infectious respiratory disease, and insect bite hypersensitivity. The less common eosinophilassociated diseases such as eosinophilic disease confined to the intestine (EDCI) and MEED are considered, followed by a brief summary of the eosinophil in phycomycosis and neoplasia. In conclusion, a panoramic view of the equine eosinophil as presented in Parts I and II is placed in the larger context of current eosinophil research, and areas of study are identified that may improve our understanding of eosinophil biology in equine health and clinical disease. Gastrointestinal parasites of the horse Gastrointestinal helminths are a widespread and well-studied problem in the horse. Clinical disease is associated historically with migratory large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris, S. edentatus, S. equinus), small strongyles (cyathostomes), tapeworms (Anoplocephala perfoliata) and, in foals, ascarids (Parascarus equorum). Early studies sought to define parasite life cycles, but post-infection necropsies also described the eosinophilic response (Duncan and Pirie 1975). Host immunity and anthelmintics were the focus of later works (Bailey et al. 1989; Steuer et al. 2018). Variables exist across studies, including dosing variations, natural versus experimental

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Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a Dutch Warmblood gelding

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

The manic horse

The manic horse

Successful treatment of a horse with presumed parasitic encephalitis

Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

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