Idiopathic Parkinsonism Treated with an Extracerebral Decarboxylase Inhibitor in Combination with Levodopa

Calne, Donald B.; Reid, John L.; Vakil, S. D.; Rao, Sumant; Petrie, Aviva; Pallis, C; Gawler, J; Thomas, P. K.; Hilson, A. J.W.

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5777.729

Cited by 88 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The main clinical advantages of combined preparations of levodopa with a decarboxylase inhibitor are a reduced incidence of nausea and vomiting (Cotzias, Papavasiliou & Gellene, 1969;Calne, Reid, Vakil, Rao, Petrie, Pallis & Gawler, 1971;Marsden, Barry, Parkes & Zilkha, 1973) and a reduction in the time taken to reach maximum improvement after commencing treatment (Marsden et al, 1973).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Dopa Concentrations After Different Preparations of Levodopa in Normal Subjects

Morris

Parsons

Trounce

et al. 1976

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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I The concurrent administration of levodopa with a decarboxylase inhibitor produced a plasma concentration/time curve comparable with 1/4 to 1/5 of the dose of levodopa given alone. 2 There was no evidence to suggest that the decarboxylase inhibitor slowed the rate of elimination of levodopa from plasma. 3 Metoclopramide (Maxolon) increased the rate of levodopa absorption. Higher plasma concentrations of levodopa during the first 2 h after dosing were followed by lower plasma concentrations during the third and fourth hours. The amount of levodopa absorbed after Larodopa as indicated by the AUC was not altered by adding metoclopramide. 4 None of the current preparations of levodopa produced sustained plasma concentrations. 5In vitro testing confirmed that Brocadopa Temtabs tablets disintegrate and dissolve slowly. In vivo, Brocadopa Temtabs behaved as a slow release preparation but it did not produce sustained plasma concentrations of levodopa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Dopa Concentrations After Different Preparations of Levodopa in Normal Subjects

Morris

Parsons

Trounce

et al. 1976

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…Following a control period during which each patient was kept on the dosage and timing of levodopa which appeared optimum based on his own history, patients were studied for sixteen weeks in four consecutive four-week periods (Fig 1): (1) double-blind, in which half the patients, randomly assigned by a computer-generated code, received levodopa and half received Madopa; (2) single-blind, in which all received Madopa; (3) double-blind, in which a rerandomized half received Madopa and half received Sinemet; and (4) single-blind, in which all received Sinemet. Patients were seen at two-week intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these, carbidopa (L-amethyldopahydrazine), combined in a ratio of 1: 10 with levodopa, has been shown to be an effective treatment for Parkinson disease with a far lower incidence of gastrointestinal complaints and with evidence of greater efficacy than levodopa alone in improving parkinsonian symptoms [ 1,8,9,141. Others found the compound helped nausea but did not augment the therapeutic action of levodopa [2]. This drug is available in the United States as a fixed-combination tablet known as Sinemet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

A double‐blind comparison of levodopa, madopa, and sinemet in Parkinson disease

Diamond¹,

Markham²,

Treciokas³

1978

Annals of Neurology

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A sixteen-week study examined the effect of Madopa and Sinemet on patients with Parkinson disease disease suffering nausea or vomiting as side-effects of levodopa therapy and compared the efficacy of the three preparations in controlling the symptoms of Parkinson disease. Following a control period on levodopa, 20 patients underwent four consecutive four-week regimens as follows: (1) double-blind, in which a randomized half received levodopa and half received Madopa; (2) single-blind, in which all received Madopa; (3) double-blind, in which a re-randomized half received Madopa and half Sinemet; and (4) single-blind, in which all received Sinemet. Levodopa administration via Sinemet and Madopa was held to a fixed 20% of prior levodopa dosage. Almost all patients showed great reduction in nausea and vomiting with both Madopa and Sinemet. Seventy percent of the patients showed improvement in disability compared to their levodopa baseline levels. Group means showed no difference between the improvement seen on Madopa and that seen on Sinemet. However, examination of individual responses showed that the majority of patients fared distinctly better on either Sinemet or Madopa.

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“…Metoclopramide (MCP) has recently been reported to produce tardive dyskinesia (Lavy, Melamed & Penchas, 1978;Kataria, Traub & Marsden, 1978) but despite other evidence that MCP blocks dopamine receptors (Day & Blower 1975;Ahtee, 1975;Goldberg, Volkman & Kohli, 1978) it does not appear to have antipsychotic activity (Borenstein & Bles, 1965 (Calne, Reid, Vakil, et at., 1971) was rated immediately before, and at 1, 3 and 6 h after drug administration. In addition video recordings were made at the same time for later rating for dyskinesia by 4 observers.…”

Section: N-12-[[[5-(dimethylaminomethyl-2-furanyl] Methyl]-thio]ethylmentioning

confidence: 99%

PROCEEDINGS OF THE British Pharmacological Society 4th–6th April, 1979

1979

British J Pharmacology

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Idiopathic Parkinsonism Treated with an Extracerebral Decarboxylase Inhibitor in Combination with Levodopa

Cited by 88 publications

References 12 publications

Plasma Dopa Concentrations After Different Preparations of Levodopa in Normal Subjects

Plasma Dopa Concentrations After Different Preparations of Levodopa in Normal Subjects

A double‐blind comparison of levodopa, madopa, and sinemet in Parkinson disease

PROCEEDINGS OF THE British Pharmacological Society 4th–6th April, 1979

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