IEAGHG Investigation of Extracted Water from CO2 Storage: Potential Benefits of Water Extraction and Lesson Learned

Optimum chain desalination process design for treatment of high TDS brine: A case assessment for future treatment of extracted brine from Shenhua CO2storage site

“…As already mentioned, significant volumes of brine need to be extracted to manage the reservoir pressure in the CO 2 -EWR projects. Klapperich et al 28 estimated that storing one metric ton of injected and captured CO 2 requires 1.25 m 3 of water to be extracted from deep saline aquifers. At the same time, Breunig et al 29 asserted that more brine must be extracted from deep saline basins to prevent several geological issues, such as caprock fracturing, upward CO 2 leakage, fault activation, and induced seismicity.…”

“…As already mentioned, significant volumes of brine need to be extracted to manage the reservoir pressure in the CO 2 ‐EWR projects. Klapperich et al 28 . estimated that storing one metric ton of injected and captured CO 2 requires 1.25 m 3 of water to be extracted from deep saline aquifers.…”

Assessment of desalination technologies for treatment of a highly saline brine from a potential CO2 storage site

“…Challenging water sources, such as high-TDS produced water from oilfields, are usually 12 managed by disposal, and water extracted during CO 2 sequestration is expected to be handled similarly [1]. However, freshwater generation, the recovery of salts or valuable minerals, and the reduction of adverse effects of wastewater disposal to the environment can be some benefits of pursuing high-TDS brine treatment instead of disposal.…”

“…Carbon dioxide(CO 2 )captured from industrial sources can be permanently stored by geological sequestration in deep saline reservoirs. According to a scenario published by the International Energy Agency, Klapperich et al reported that by 2050, global geologic storage of 9.12 billion metrics tons of CO 2 per year will be required to meet CO 2 emission reduction 2 goals [1]. The U.S. Department of Energy has identified deep saline reservoirs as the largest 3 potential sinks for CO 2 storage in the United States.…”

“…Brine extraction is considered a promising strategy for managing increased reservoir pressure [3][4][5].Significant volumes of brine may be extracted if geological CO 2 sequestration in deep brine reservoirs is implemented at industrial scales. Assuming that each metric ton of injected CO 2 displaces 1.25 m 3 of reservoir fluid, Klapperich et al estimate that up to 31.2 million m 3 of brine might be extracted globally each day, although extraction rates may be limited by site-specific factors [1].Breunig et al estimate that 2 m 3 of brine will be extracted for every metric ton of CO 2 injected, and that a single CO 2 injection site might receive 8.9 million metric tons of CO 2 per 15 year, resulting in about 48,000 m 3 /day of brine extraction [3].The extracted brines usually have 16 high concentrations oftotal dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids, and various contaminants 17 and require proper disposal or treatment.Veil et al reported the distribution of different water 18 quality parameters of 34,000 brine samples collected from basins that are considered potential 19 targets for CO 2 sequestration [6].They found that, of 52 formations sampled, 58% of geological 20 formation brines had a median TDS concentration of at least 50,000 ppm, and 23% exhibited 21 salinities greater than 100,000 ppm [6].…”