If I want to perform better, then how should I feel?

Lane, Andrew M.

doi:10.2478/ppb-2013-0015

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Not only were these emotions typically experienced quite strongly in musical practice, but the preferred intensity was also very high. Pleasant emotions are often linked to improved performance (for a summary in sport contexts, see Lane, 2012 ). A substantial up-regulation of these emotions may be advantageous for a musician, as even mild increases in positive affect has been associated with better performance on creative, academic, and problem-solving tasks (e.g., Carnevale and Isen, 1986 ; Isen et al, 1987 ; Estrada et al, 1994 ; Ashby et al, 1999 ; Carmona-Halty et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence also suggests that emotions are predictive of our performance ( Beedie et al, 2000 ). If emotions predict our performance and impact our ability to function effectively, then regulating emotions should be seen as an important psychological skill ( Lane, 2012 ). Furthermore, individuals may benefit from understanding which emotions should be regulated in a given circumstance, and whether these emotions should be increased or decreased ( Lane, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If emotions predict our performance and impact our ability to function effectively, then regulating emotions should be seen as an important psychological skill ( Lane, 2012 ). Furthermore, individuals may benefit from understanding which emotions should be regulated in a given circumstance, and whether these emotions should be increased or decreased ( Lane, 2012 ). Literature on emotion regulation has often emphasized the importance of reducing unpleasant emotional experiences ( Gross, 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although positive affect may be beneficial to performance and practice, the association between emotions and performance is highly individualized and does not depend on whether an emotion is positive or negative ( Hanin, 2010 ). Indeed, some individuals may believe that positive affect does not always facilitate better performance ( Lane, 2012 ). For example, in a video game scenario, participants were motivated to experience anger when they anticipated a confrontational task for which anger was believed to be useful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, unpleasant emotions are not associated with better performance and practice. Despite this, Lane (2012) notes a mixed body of evidence on this topic. Certain kinds of negative affect are thought to intensify an individual’s effort to pursue their preferred outcome ( Mazur and Laguna, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instrumental and Hedonic Motives for Emotion Regulation in Musical Practice

Madden

Jabusch

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Emotion regulation literature often emphasizes that individuals regulate their emotions for hedonic reasons. However, there is increasing support for an instrumental approach to emotion regulation. This approach suggests that emotions are regulated if they are believed to be beneficial to the pursuit of personally relevant goals. When pursuing a long-term goal, an individual may forego immediate, hedonic emotional reward in order to maximize the instrumental benefits of emotions. The current study investigates emotion regulation behaviour in the context of musical practice. We examine whether musicians adopt specific, regulated emotional stances which support their goal orientation, and which are in line with their beliefs regarding the functional impact of emotions. Via an online questionnaire, 421 musicians reported their goal-orientation, meta-emotion beliefs, and affect-regulation strategies. Participants then completed a scale assessing specific emotions they would regulate in order to support their musical practice. Data were analysed using PCA, MANOVA, subgroup analysis and categorical regression. Musicians reported using affect-improvement strategies more often than affect-worsening strategies in order to influence how they felt during musical practice. Greater reported use of affect-worsening strategies was associated with stronger meta-emotion beliefs supporting the possible instrumental benefits of unpleasant emotions (F = 30.33; p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.06). Musicians who strongly endorsed this belief more strongly pursued mastery goals in contrast to enjoyment goals. In terms of specific targeted emotions, musicians generally sought to reduce unpleasant emotions, and increase pleasant, energizing emotions in order to support their musical practice. However, a subgroup of mastery- rather than enjoyment-oriented musicians may seek a mixed emotional state, increasing anger and nervousness in conjunction with a number of pleasant emotions (Wilks λ1,420 = 14.42; p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.50). Musicians who pursue expert musical skills may be motivated to experience emotions that combine the instrumental and hedonic benefits of emotions. Musicians who practice for enjoyment may prioritize emotions that maximize only the hedonic benefits. Future research should aim to identify the regulated emotional states that best support specific musical practice outcomes in an individual. It will also be important to understand on all levels, including music performance quality as well as health and well-being, the outcomes that may be associated with the use of affect-worsening strategies and unpleasant emotions. Research in this field may equip musicians with novel skills for better pursuit of their goals, and may help to maximize health and well-being in musical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instrumental and Hedonic Motives for Emotion Regulation in Musical Practice

Madden

Jabusch

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Individuals’ depression and anxiety might be influenced by the level of physical activity and expertise: a pilot study on elite volleyball players and amateur athletes

et al. 2021

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Emotional cherry picking: the role of personality and goal orientation in selective emotion regulation for musical practice

Madden¹,

Herff²,

Beveridge³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionEmotion regulation is an important part of optimising performance and successful goal pursuit in practice-based tasks such as making music. Musicians may regulate their own emotions during the course of their musical practice in order to improve their performance and ultimately attain their practice-related goals. The specific emotions they target may depend upon their personality traits but may also relate to the nature of their goal orientation, and the interaction between the two. This study investigates whether the emotions desired by musicians in their musical practice were dependent on their personality traits and Mastery goal orientation (the desire to master musical and technical skills).MethodsVia an online questionnaire, 421 musicians completed a personality scale and answered questions relating to their mastery practice goals. They also completed emotion scales indicating how strongly they desired to increase or decrease the intensity of specific emotions when practicing.ResultsOverall, musicians preferred to up-regulate positive rather than negative emotions [paired t(420) = 58.13, p < 0.001]. Bayesian Mixed Effects models showed that personality traits affected musicians’ desire to regulate specific emotions. For example, higher levels of Agreeableness predicted greater desire to increase positive but not negative emotions, whereas Extraversion predicted greater desire to increase anger [Est. = 0.05, SE = 0.03, Odds (Est. > 0) = 43.03] but not positive emotions. The inclusion of Mastery goal orientation either amplified or mitigated these effects in several cases, and also introduced new trait-emotion relationships. Findings confirm a general hedonic principle underlying the emotions musicians desired in their musical practice. However, predicted by personality traits, musicians also sometimes sought to increase the intensity of unpleasant emotions.DiscussionThese findings complement existing research that suggests that some Mastery-oriented musicians may seek an emotional state consisting of both positive and negative emotions. This and future studies on this topic may contribute to a better understanding of individual differences in emotion regulation ability as a potential aspect of individualised musical practice strategies.

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If I want to perform better, then how should I feel?

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Instrumental and Hedonic Motives for Emotion Regulation in Musical Practice

Instrumental and Hedonic Motives for Emotion Regulation in Musical Practice

Individuals’ depression and anxiety might be influenced by the level of physical activity and expertise: a pilot study on elite volleyball players and amateur athletes

Emotional cherry picking: the role of personality and goal orientation in selective emotion regulation for musical practice

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