‘If your husband doesn't humiliate you, other people won't’: Gendered attitudes towards sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Kelly, Jocelyn; Kabanga, Justin; Cragin, Will; Alcayna-Stevens, Lys; Haider, Sadia; VanRooyen, Michael J.

doi:10.1080/17441692.2011.585344

Cited by 86 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This body of research thoughtfully details the devastating effects of rape. This includes the profound impact on both individuals and communities, as survivors are often deserted by their loved ones, subjecting them to what could be described as a double-violence, victimisation, or retraumatisation (Bartels et al 2010, Birch 2008, Chu et al 2008, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and Oxfam 2010, Human Rights Watch 2009, Johnson et al 2010, Kelly et al 2011, Meger 2010, Pham et al 2010, Steiner et al 2009, Trenholm et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

‘You say rape, I say hospitals. But whose voice is louder?’ Health, aid and decision-making in the Democratic Republic of Congo

D'Errico

Kalala

Nzigire

et al. 2013

Review of African Political Economy

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In the last decade, scholars and humanitarians have rightly drawn attention to the high rates of gender-based violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which are associated with the high levels of conflict in the country since 1996. However, this focus detracts from the general health problems that stem from the deterioration of the health sector, which began long before the outbreak of war. This article analyses local perceptions of the determinants of maternal health and illness in eastern DRC, and identifies ways in which women cope with barriers to health care that derive from an inadequate and/or absent health-care system. The article demonstrates that in both urban and rural locations in all four provinces of eastern DRC, women have organised to address their own vulnerabilities, which, according to them, amount to more than exposure to gender-based violence. The existence of these informal systems demonstrates the need to reassess the image of Congolese women as primarily passive victims and/or targets of violence. The article suggests that these culturally rooted indigenous solutions be evaluated as worthy recipients of development funding, which is often exclusively offered to international organisations.[« Vous dites viol, je dis hôpitaux. Mais qui parle le plus fort ? » : La santé, l'aide et la prise de décision dans la République Démocratique du Congo]. Durant la dernière décennie, les érudits et les humanitaires ont correctement attiré l'attention sur les taux élevés de violence sur la seule base du genre dans l'est de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), qui sont en lien avec les hauts niveaux de conflit dans le pays depuis 1996. Pourtant, cette attention sur les violences sexuelles détourne l'attention qui devrait être portée aux problèmes sanitaires généraux qui sont dus à la détérioration du secteur de la santé, qui a commencé longtemps avant l'émergence de la guerre. Cet article examine les perceptions locales des déterminants de la santé maternelle et de la maladie dans l'est de la RDC et identifie les manières avec lesquelles les femmes s'adaptent aux difficultés d'accès aux soins de santé qui résultent d'un système de santé publique insuffisant et/ou absent. L'article montre que dans les zones tant urbaines que rurales et dans les quatre provinces de l'est de la RDC, les femmes se sont organisées pour faire face à leurs propres vulnérabilités, qui, selon elles, représentent un problème plus important que l'exposition à la violence fondée sur le genre. L'existence de ces systèmes informels démontre le besoin de reconsidérer l'image des femmes congolaises comme étant en premier lieu des victimes passives et/ou des objets de violences. L'article suggère que ces solutions culturellement enracinées dans le modèle local pourraient être évaluées

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

‘You say rape, I say hospitals. But whose voice is louder?’ Health, aid and decision-making in the Democratic Republic of Congo

D'Errico

Kalala

Nzigire

et al. 2013

Review of African Political Economy

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“…In East and Central Africa, women reported that disclosure could reduce women’s marriage prospects and increase the likelihood of mistreatment and stigmatization by family and community members (Byrskog, Olsson, Essen, & Allvin, 2014; Kelly et al, 2012). Boys may not disclose SV because of norms around masculinity (Easton, 2014), which expect them to resist sexual advances or to deal with the abuse on their own (Donnelly & Kenyon, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of disclosure of sexual violence among Kenyan youth

Boudreau

Kress

Rochat

et al. 2018

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Introduction Sexual violence (SV) against children is a global health and human rights issue that can have short and long-term consequences for health and wellbeing. Disclosing SV increases the likelihood that children can access health and protective services and receive psychosocial support. Research in high-income countries has found that child SV survivors are more likely to disclose when they are girls/women, experience fewer SV events, and experience SV perpetrated by a stranger. No studies have examined correlates of SV disclosure in Kenya. Objective The objective of this research was to assess the correlates of disclosing SV among Kenyan youth ages 13–24 who reported an SV experience before age 18. Methods In 2010, the Kenya Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Division of Violence Prevention, the UNICEF Kenya Country Office, and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) conducted a national survey of violence against children. These data were used to conduct weighted logistic regression analyses to determine which factors were correlated with reporting SV disclosure. Results Among the 27.8% of girls/women and 14.5% of boys/men who reported SV before age 18, 44.6% of girls/women and 28.2% of boys/men reported to have disclosed the experience. In weighted logistic regression analysis, the odds of disclosure were lower among survivors who were boys/men and among survivors who reported more SV events, and higher when any perpetrator was a family member. Conclusion More context-specific research on SV disclosure among young people is needed globally.

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“…WPV was defined as "incidents where staff are abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances related to their work by an individual other than coworkers". We used this definition excluding coworkers to facilitate the survey, as there might be an administrative barrier to the investigation of violence committed by coworkers in a country with extensive human rights abuses 19) . Victims were defined as anyone reporting a positive answer to at least one of the following 11 questions:…”

Section: Measurements Of Wpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace violence towards Congolese health care workers: A survey of 436 healthcare facilities in Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Muzembo

Mbutshu

Ngatu

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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sity-Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate workplace violence by patients or their relatives towards health-care workers in Congolese hospitals. Methods: Through the autumn of 2012, a crosssectional survey on workplace violence was conducted in a sample of 2,210 registered health-care workers (989 males and 1,221 females, aged 33 ± 8 years) from 436 hospitals located in the province of Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Verbal aggression, harassment and physical violence perpetrated by patients or their relatives within the previous year along with factors contributing to violence, were recorded, and the response rate was 99%. Results: About 80.1% of the health-care workers had experienced one or more types of workplace violence. Overall, the severity of workplace violence varied from verbal aggression (57.4%) and harassment (15.2%) to physical violence (7.5%). Patients were the major perpetrators of verbal aggression and harassment, whereas patients' relatives were mainly involved in physical violence. The frequency of workplace violence was similar across hospitals. Male health-care workers were more likely to be victims of physical violence, whereas female health-care workers were the prime target for harassment. Only 34.3% of the violent episodes were reported to a supervisor.

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‘If your husband doesn't humiliate you, other people won't’: Gendered attitudes towards sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 86 publications

References 11 publications

‘You say rape, I say hospitals. But whose voice is louder?’ Health, aid and decision-making in the Democratic Republic of Congo

‘You say rape, I say hospitals. But whose voice is louder?’ Health, aid and decision-making in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Correlates of disclosure of sexual violence among Kenyan youth

Workplace violence towards Congolese health care workers: A survey of 436 healthcare facilities in Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo

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