IgG Cold Agglutinins and First Trimester Abortion

Mygind, K.; Ahrons, S.

doi:10.1159/000466600

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There appear to be only a few cases in the literature [1,6,15,16,18,19,22] com parable to the two cases described here. The case described by Moore and Chaplin [18] was similar in that in all three cases the serum contained an IgM cold agglutinin and an incomplete IgG autoantibody which could be eluted from the patients' cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…IgG cold incomplete auto antibodies, of no definable specificity, have occasionally been described in association with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia either as the sole autoantibody [15,22] or accom panied by IgM cold autoagglutinins [16,18]. Rarely, an anti-I specificity has been ascribed to the IgG autoantibody [1,19]. The IgG autoantibodies presented in this report were…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Ambrus and Bajtai [1] and Mygind and Ahrons [19] showed some anti-I specificity of the IgG cold agglutinins in their cases. The IgG auto antibodies discussed in this present report could not, however, be called cold aggluti nins.…”

Section: Indirect Antiglobulin Tests With the Iggmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia with the Unusual Combination of both IgM and IgG Autoantibodies

Freedman¹,

Newlands²

1977

Vox Sanguinis

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Two patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of no obvious aetiology are presented. Both cases had IgM autoantibodies which were cold agglutinins with anti-I specificity and were complement binding. Both cases also had IgG autoantibodies which were incomplete, of wide thermal range and also had anti-I specificity, but were not complement binding. The red cells of both patients were coated with C4d/C3d and IgG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia with the Unusual Combination of both IgM and IgG Autoantibodies

Freedman¹,

Newlands²

1977

Vox Sanguinis

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“…A search of the literature revealed only 6 other well-defined cases [3][4][5] and 1 which was less clearly defined [6], Two other groups of patients with AIH should be distinguished from the mixed group. Firstly, patients with warm-type disease in whom abnormal, but clinically insignificant, cold agglutinins can be de tected at 20°C [3]; these findings are seen particularly in patients with systemic lu pus erythematosus (SLE) [7], Secondly, other patients with AIH are found where both IgM and IgG autoantibodies are present but both antibodies are of cold type with a wide thermal range [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Definition Incidence and Sex Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Haemolysis: Mixed Warm and Cold Antibody Type

Sokol¹,

Hewitt²,

Stamps³

1983

Acta Haematol

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25 patients with mixed autoimmune haemolysis are described; in these cases the combined criteria for warm antibody autoimmune haemolysis and also the cold agglutinin syndrome were present. The direct antiglobulin tests were positive with IgG and complement coating of the red cells. The IgM and IgG components could be separated. The cold autoantibodies were active at 30°C or above and often showed blood group specificity within the Ii system; specificity was not usually evident in the warm component. Haemolysins were found in 18 patients. Serologically, the condition maintained its mixed nature throughout; only 2 cases later changed to a warm type picture. Mixed autoimmune haemolysis was found in all age groups but was more frequent in later life; the male:female ratio was 1:1.5. The cases were either idiopathic (44%) or secondary; in the latter, systemic lupus erythematosus or lymphoma were the most frequently associated disorders. The patients tended to have servere haemolysis which, although usually responding well to treatment, ran a chronic course with intermittent exacerbations, thus making overall management difficult; plasma exchange may be a useful adjunct to chemotherapy.

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“…Hemolysis in chronic cold agglutinin disease is usually caused by idiotypically homogeneous IgM kappa-type autoantibodies with specificity for the I antigen [21]. However, the agglutinins may display heterogenity in regards to the light-chain type [5,7], heavy-chain isotype [1,2,6,8,19,20,27] and antibody specificity [5,6]. Cold agglutinins produced as a response to Mycoplasma pneu moniae infections are usually polyclonal IgM anti-I anti bodies [22], whereas IgG anti-i (sometimes in combina tion with IgM rheumatoid factor) are seen in infectious mononucleosis [9,10], and IgG anti-P autoantibodies are characteristic of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria [11,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolytic Anemia due to a Mixture of Low-Titer IgG Lambda and IgM Lambda Agglutinins Reacting Optimally at 22° C

Szymanski¹,

Teno²,

Rybak³

1986

Vox Sanguinis

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A 65-year-old white man had severe hemolytic anemia due to a mixture of low-titer IgG lambda and IgM lambda agglutinins showing optimum reactivity at 22° C. The IgG agglutinins were detected by manual indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) using anti-IgG, and had a titer of 1 at 37°C, 128 at 22°C and 16 at 4°C against adult type 0 red blood cells (RBC). The corresponding titers with cord RBC were 1 (37°C), 64 (22°C) and 8 (4°C). Proteolytic enzyme and neuraminidase treatment of RBC did not decrease these titers. No known specificity could be assigned to these agglutinins. The isolated agglutinins (recovered by cold adsorption, warm elution) were shown by immunoelectrophoresis to be IgG lambda antibodies. They did not bind complement in vitro, consistent with the finding that the patient had negative manual direct antiglobulin test (DAT) by anti-C3d. It could be shown only by automated IAT that patient’s serum also contained IgM cold agglutinins which also reacted best at 22° C and appeared to be of lambda light-chain type. The patient responded to corticosteroid therapy and remains well without treatment 14 months after the hemolytic episode. The presence of IgG cold agglutinins may be predictive of a favorable response to corticosteroid therapy.

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IgG Cold Agglutinins and First Trimester Abortion

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia with the Unusual Combination of both IgM and IgG Autoantibodies

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia with the Unusual Combination of both IgM and IgG Autoantibodies

Autoimmune Haemolysis: Mixed Warm and Cold Antibody Type

Hemolytic Anemia due to a Mixture of Low-Titer IgG Lambda and IgM Lambda Agglutinins Reacting Optimally at 22° C

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