Ignition Characteristics of Diesel−Water Emulsion Sprays in a Constant-Volume Vessel: Effect of Injection Pressure and Water Content

Ghojel, Jamil Ibrahim; Tran, Xuan-Thien

doi:10.1021/ef1001875

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The effects of injection pressure and water concentration on the spray combustion characteristics, like ignition delay and lift-off length of combustion of the emulsion, were investigated with the help of a diesel-like constant volume chamber. The high pressure and high temperatures were created by combustion of carbon-monoxide mixed with compressed air and oxygen and ignited by a spark plug [ 27 ]. Water-in-diesel microemulsion, WiDE, and conventional diesel fuels were experimentally investigated for their physical properties, spray behavior, and combustion characteristics.…”

Section: Methodologies Used In Water-in-diesel Emulsion Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually the amount introduced in the emulsion process is in the range of 0.5–5% by volume ratio. The most common surfactants used in the water-in-diesel emulsion are sorbitan monooleate [ 9 , 17 , 30 , 32 ] and polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate mixture [ 13 , 24 , 57 , 58 ], polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) and sorbitol sesquioleate (SSO) mixture [ 22 ], sorbitan monolaurate [ 27 ], gemini [ 32 ], polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether [ 15 , 59 , 60 ] solgen 40 and noigen TDS-30 (dai-ichi kogyo seiyaku) [ 16 ], polysorbate 20 (commercially known as tween 20) [ 33 ], detergent/liquid soap [ 21 , 61 ], and t-octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol.…”

Section: Principle Of Water In Diesel Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another experiment Subramanian et al [ 46 ] reports that the ignition delay is much higher with WiDE as compared to water injection to the manifold during the intake stroke. The effect of water content, the injection pressure, and ambient temperature on ignition delay was further studied by Ghojel and Tran [ 27 ]. Ambient temperature significantly affected the ignition delay.…”

Section: Effect Of Wide On Combustion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Trends in Water-in-Diesel Emulsion as a Fuel

Khan

Karim

Hagos

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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Water-in-diesel emulsion (WiDE) is an alternative fuel for CI engines that can be employed with the existing engine setup with no additional engine retrofitting. It has benefits of simultaneous reduction of both NOx and particulate matters in addition to its impact in the combustion efficiency improvement, although this needs further investigation. This review paper addresses the type of emulsion, the microexplosion phenomenon, emulsion stability and physiochemical improvement, and effect of water content on the combustion and emissions of WiDE fuel. The review also covers the recent experimental methodologies used in the investigation of WiDE for both transport and stationary engine applications. In this review, the fuel injection pump and spray nozzle arrangement has been found to be the most critical components as far as the secondary atomization is concerned and further investigation of the effect of these components in the microexplosion of the emulsion is suggested to be center of focus.

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Section: Methodologies Used In Water-in-diesel Emulsion Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principle Of Water In Diesel Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Wide On Combustion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current Trends in Water-in-Diesel Emulsion as a Fuel

Khan

Karim

Hagos

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is postulated that spray momentum [6] and velocity is altered compared with the base fuel, leading the flame lift of length to increase, allowing more air to be entrained before the combustion, leading to leaner mixtures within the fuel jet during the quasi-steady combustion. As a consequence, in-cylinder soot formation could be reduced [8]. There has been very little work done investigating the spray characteristics of emulsified fuels which contributes to a general lack of understanding concerning their use in direct injection CI engines.…”

Section: Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic characterization of Diesel and water emulsions using momentum flux

Emberson

Ihracska

Imran

et al. 2015

Fuel

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h i g h l i g h t sFuel injection momentum flux was measured using a force transducer. Diesel fuel and Diesel fuel and water emulsions containing 10% and 20% water examined. The mass flow, discharge coefficient, injection velocity and momentum efficiency were evaluated. Emulsion sprays had a lower discharge coefficient and higher injection velocity than the Diesel. The emulsified fuels had a larger momentum efficiency. Diesel and water emulsions have the potential to be used in compression ignition engines to control the emissions of NO x and PM. Very little is known about the influence emulsification will have on the fuel sprays formed during injection. This paper outlines the measurement of the momentum flux of injection sprays of Diesel fuel and Diesel fuel emulsions containing 10% and 20% water, with the goal of hydraulically characterizing the sprays and identifying the influence emulsification may have on them. The momentum flux, mass flow, instantaneous mass flow, discharge coefficient, injection velocity, momentum coefficient and momentum efficiency have been examined. The injections were carried out in a high pressure chamber filled with nitrogen. The measured momentum flux is observed to increase with increasing injection pressure in a linear form. Increasing the ambient density in the chamber resulted in a decrease in the measured momentum flux. The emulsified fuel sprays had a very similar momentum flux as the neat Diesel fuel sprays. The total mass of emulsified fuel injected was less than for neat Diesel at corresponding condition. The instantaneous mass flow rate was determined using a normalized form of the momentum flux measurement and the independently measured total mass injected. The emulsions tended to have a lower discharge coefficient and there is no evidence that the nozzle is cavitating at these conditions. The emulsified fuels have tended to have a higher injection velocity than the neat Diesel fuel sprays. The momentum efficiency is introduced, which uses the instantaneous mass measurement and the theoretical velocity of the spray. The emulsified fuels have a larger momentum efficiency, a result of their high injection velocity compared with the neat Diesel fuel.

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“…Water addition is an effective process to reduce particulate matter (PM) emission, NO x emission, and also to enhance the combustible range at higher equivalence ratios. Researchers experimentally reported the effect of diesel water emulsified fuel on brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency, and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine running at constant speed and varying injection pressure and water content on lift of length and ignition delay with diesel water emulsion fuel in a constant volume chamber. Morozumi and Saito investigated the influence of emulsifier type on a microexplosion occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective efficiency and power density analysis for WiDE as a fuel in diesel engine performance

Kumar

Sahoo

2019

Heat Trans. Asian Res.

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A comparative theoretical performance analysis for diesel, 5% water in diesel emulsion (WiDE), and 10% WiDE as fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine is presented here.Variations in engine performance parameters such as effective power density (EPD), effective power (EP), and effective efficiency (EE), along with compression ratio and equivalence ratio, have been analyzed on the basis of isobaric heat addition and isochoric heat rejection assumptions. Also, friction loss, exhaust loss, and total loss occurring in engines with the above-mentioned fuels have been discussed. Theoretical analysis revealed that in a diesel engine with compression ratio 18, the EP and power density increased by 28.6% and 30.45%, respectively, for diesel fuel compared with 10% WiDE fuel. The optimum cycle temperature ratio, EP, and power density were obtained with an equivalence ratio of 1.2 and the optimum EE with an equivalence ratio of 0.89 for diesel, 5% WiDE, and 10% WiDE fuels.However, the maximum exhaust loss and the minimum incomplete combustion losses were obtained with an equivalence ratio of 1.2 and 0.8, respectively. At an equivalence ratio of 1.2, diesel fuel had a higher exhaust loss of 9.25% and 27.21% and heat loss of 5.39% and 11.8%, respectively, compared with 5% WiDE and 10% WiDE fuels. Thus, the fuel consumption rate with diesel as fuel was higher, followed by 5% WiDE and 10% WiDE fuels for diesel engine performance.

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Ignition Characteristics of Diesel−Water Emulsion Sprays in a Constant-Volume Vessel: Effect of Injection Pressure and Water Content

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Current Trends in Water-in-Diesel Emulsion as a Fuel

Current Trends in Water-in-Diesel Emulsion as a Fuel

Hydraulic characterization of Diesel and water emulsions using momentum flux

Effective efficiency and power density analysis for WiDE as a fuel in diesel engine performance

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