Ignition of Iron-Coated and Nickel-Coated Aluminum Particles Under Normal- and Reduced-Gravity Conditions

Andrzejak, Timothy A.; Shafirovich, Evgeny; Varma, Arvind

doi:10.2514/1.34034

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2 [23]. Similar results were obtained by Shafi rovich et al [24], using laser ignition of levitated nickel-coated aluminum particles, by Andrzejak et al [25], [26], who studied the ignition of nickel-coated and iron-coated single aluminum particles heated by laser in argon or CO 2 atmospheres under regular and micro-gravity conditions, and by Hahma et al [27], who conducted a comprehensive investigation on the effect of different atmospheres applying various experimental techniques. One of the reasons for ignition promotion may be the exothermic reaction between nickel and aluminum.…”

Section: Nickel-coated Aluminum: Preparation and Ignition Testssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…One of the reasons for ignition promotion may be the exothermic reaction between nickel and aluminum. This idea is also supported in [25,26]. Another reason may be the formation of a relatively low melting point eutectic compound of nickel aluminide (e.g., NiAl 3 with a melting temperature of 854 °C), causing enhancement of gaseous oxidizer diffusion through the outer layer to the underlying aluminum.…”

Section: Nickel-coated Aluminum: Preparation and Ignition Testsmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Micro and Nano Scale Phenomena of Aluminum Agglomeration During Solid Propellant Combustion

Gany

2016

Eur Chem Tech J

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Combustion of aluminized solid propellants exhibits phenomena associated with accumulation, agglomeration, ignition, and combustion of micro and nano-size aluminum particles. In general, agglomeration is an undesirable phenomenon, as it turns small particles into relatively large agglomerates, each containing many original particles, resulting in long combustion times which may lead to incomplete reaction, reduced jet momentum, and enhanced slag formation which adds parasite mass and may damage the motor insulation. This article presents a physical mechanism explaining the agglomeration process, revealing that small particles tend to agglomerate more than large particles. In addition, it suggests ways to reduce agglomeration of the aluminum particles via nano-coatings generating reactive heating and promoting ignition.

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Section: Nickel-coated Aluminum: Preparation and Ignition Testssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Nickel-coated Aluminum: Preparation and Ignition Testsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Micro and Nano Scale Phenomena of Aluminum Agglomeration During Solid Propellant Combustion

Gany

2016

Eur Chem Tech J

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“…Their findings were also supported by Shafirovich et al 22 that heated nickelcoated aluminum particles in various atmospheres with laser. Andrzejak et al 23,24 studied the characteristics of nickel-coated and iron-coated single aluminum particle in regular and microgravity conditions. Particles were heated by laser in Ar or CO 2 atmospheres and experienced a steep temperature rise at 1325 C for high-nickel mass loadings (29% and 58% of the particle mass).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced agglomeration in solid propellants containing porous aluminum

Yavor

Rosenband

Gany

2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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The effects of using porous aluminum particles in solid propellants were studied, with emphasis on the agglomeration phenomena. Burning strands containing either regular (as-received) or porous aluminum were photographed by a high-speed camera, and particulate combustion products were analyzed in a laser particle analyzer. Results obtained from experiments conducted in a pressure-range of 1–34 atmospheres show that porous aluminum particles produce smaller agglomerates than regular aluminum. The median diameter of agglomerates resulting from porous aluminum reached, on average, 70% of the one originating from regular aluminum. This reduction in agglomerate diameter corresponds to a substantial volume (and hence, mass) decrease of approximately 65%. It is assumed that the high-specific area of the porous aluminum particles (10–18 m2/g, similar to that of nano-Al) results in high reactivity, leading to shorter ignition time and hence to the formation of smaller agglomerates.

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“…Firstly, utilizing nickel as the protective shell can prevent Al powders from being oxidized during storage and transportation; [14] Secondly, highly exothermic chemical reaction occurs between Al core and Ni shell, providing additional energy to aluminum powders, and consequently decreasing ignition temperature and shortens the ignition delay time [9,12,15,16] . Eric Boydet [17] has conducted experiments to study the ignition and combustion performances of Ni‐coated and uncoated aluminum particles at atmospheric pressure, and the result shows there is a significant reduction of ignition temperature of Ni‐coated n‐Al in average; Thirdly, Ni‐coated n‐Al powders can also be ignited under inert environments, such as Ar atmosphere; [4,17] And finally nickel coatings have also been shown to reduce Al particle agglomeration in propellants [18] . Alexander S. Mukasyan [19] suggested that the reaction triggered at the melting point of Al‐core and Ni‐Shell prevents rapid agglomeration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Al/Ni Nano‐composite Particles via Replacement Reaction and Their Characterization

Chen

Tang

et al. 2020

ChemistrySelect

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To improve the ignition and combustion properties of n-Al powders, n-Al/Ni composite particles were prepared by replacement reaction under alkaline environment. In the anhydrous ethanol system, the effect of solution parameters on sample preparation was studied, and the preparation technology of n-Al/Ni was accordingly optimized. The chemical constituents, phase, morphology and combustion performances of n-Al/Ni were characterized by chemical titration, XRD, SEM, EDS and combustion duration test, respectively. The results showed that the optimized replacement reaction method can modify the n-Al powders by nickel well, and it was appropriate to use OH À 1 corresponding to consume 60 % alumina in the n-Al powders and Ni2 + equal to 12.35 % mass fraction of n-Al powders. It can be seen from the SEM images that the samples have a dispersive spherical morphology with a uniform distribution of nickel overall the samples. And the XRD results confirmed that nickel exists in the samples as a metallic substance. The results of chemical titration indicated that the content of active aluminum in the optimal sample was slightly higher than that of raw n-Al, but considering Ni, the content of reactive substance in the sample was greatly increased. The combustion duration test also proved that the combustion performance of n-Al/Ni was significantly improved. In conclusion, the improved properties promise a further enhanced prospect of n-Al in energetic materials.

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Ignition of Iron-Coated and Nickel-Coated Aluminum Particles Under Normal- and Reduced-Gravity Conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Micro and Nano Scale Phenomena of Aluminum Agglomeration During Solid Propellant Combustion

Micro and Nano Scale Phenomena of Aluminum Agglomeration During Solid Propellant Combustion

Reduced agglomeration in solid propellants containing porous aluminum

Preparation of Al/Ni Nano‐composite Particles via Replacement Reaction and Their Characterization

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