IL‐10 levels in Dengue patients: Some findings from the exceptional epidemiological conditions in Cuba

Abstract

The pathogenesis associated with Dengue haemorrhagic fever, has yet to be fully elucidated, with no definitive in vivo evidence. The exceptional epidemiological circumstances in Cuba allow the evaluation of different mediators in a well-defined situation. In the present study, we describe the determination of levels of IL-12, IL-10 and RANTES in the sera of Cuban patients hospitalised with Dengue fever or Dengue haemorrhagic fever. The results showed that levels of serum IL-10 were higher in patients than controls, and those patients with secondary infections had consistently higher levels. All the Dengue haemorrhagic fever patients had increased levels of IL-10. In contrast, levels of IL-12 did not differ between patients and controls. Finally, RANTES serum levels detected in patients were lower than those observed in the controls. The association of increased levels of IL-10 in Dengue patients with a sequential infection suggests a possible role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of Dengue disease.

Markers of dengue severity: a systematic review of cytokines and chemokines

“…Ten studies noted affirmatively that their first blood sampling was performed at the febrile phase, which we defined here as <5 days or <96 h from fever onset (Brasier et al, 2012;Butthep et al, 2012;Green et al, 1999a, b;De La Cruz Hern andez et al, 2014;Malavige et al, 2013a;P erez et al, 2004;Soundravally et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2007). The remaining studies had wider blood sampling windows, ranging from 1 to 10 days from symptom onset (Arias et al, 2014;Bozza et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2005;de-Oliveira-Pinto et al, 2012;Guerrero et al, 2013;Houghton-Triviño et al, 2010;Kurane et al, 1991Kurane et al, , 1993Laur et al, 1998;Levy et al, 2010;Del Moral-Hern andez et al, 2014;Nguyen et al, 2004;Suharti et al, 2003).…”

“…A total of 19 out of 24 studies were case-control studies (Arias et al, 2014;Bozza et al, 2008;Brasier et al, 2012;Butthep et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2005;Furuta et al, 2012;Green et al, 1999a, b;Guerrero et al, 2013;Houghton-Triviño et al, 2010;De La Cruz Hern andez et al, 2014;Laur et al, 1998;Levy et al, 2010;Malavige et al, 2013a;Nguyen et al, 2004;Del Moral-Hern andez et al, 2014;P erez et al, 2004;Soundravally et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2007), and the remaining 5 studies were prospective cohort studies (de-Oliveira-Pinto et al, 2012;Kurane et al, 1991Kurane et al, , 1993Suharti et al, 2003). Comparison groups were healthy controls, patients with other febrile illness (OFI) or non-severe disease patients (DF or non-SD); however, comparisons made between SD and non-SD cases were considered most ideal for the purpose of this review.…”

“…The rest of studies reported no statistical difference or did not detect TNFa. By contrast, IL-10 stood out as the cytokine for which concentration was elevated in DHF relative to DF patients consistently in seven studies utilizing the WHO (1986)/WHO (1997) case definition (Table 3) (Brasier et al, 2012;Butthep et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2005;Green et al, 1999b;Houghton-Triviño et al, 2010;Nguyen et al, 2004;P erez et al, 2004). The association of dengue severity with circulating levels of IFNg was more heterogeneous (Table 4) (Bozza et al, 2008;Butthep et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2005;Nguyen et al, 2004;Soundravally et al, 2014).…”

The pathogenesis of dengue

“…68 In particular, higher concentrations of cytokines such as IFN-, TNF- and IL-10 have been observed in the sera of patients with severe dengue in Vietnam, Cuba and India. [69][70][71] Reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) associated with increased levels of IL-10 have been described in patients with severe dengue. 72 NO contributes to immune regulation -lower levels of NO may result in the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Virological and Serological Markers in Dengue Patients from Venezuela and Nicaragua

“…The induction of high-rate IgA levels requires a group of factors which must act synergistically in the Ig production predominantly toward IgA isotype: engagement of CD40 (B cells) by CD40 ligand (CD40L, Ag-activated CD4+ T cells) which determines class switch gene recombination; TGF-ß secreted by CD40L-induced B cells is required for switching to IgA; the presence of IL-10 increasing both the number of IgA lymphocytes and the amount of secreted IgA. [43] demonstrated higher serum levels of IL-10 in dengue patients associated with secondary infection and [44] suggested an important role of TGF-ß and IL-10 mediators as regulatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, associating these presences with protection in dengue secondary infection. Therefore, anti-dengue IgA detection in serum samples could be evaluated as an alternative diagnostic for secondary dengue case definition in early phase of infection (between days 0 and 4).…”