IL-4 production in mediastinal lymph node cells in mice intratracheally instilled with diesel exhaust particulates and antigen

Fujimaki, Hidekazu; Nohara, Osamu; Ichinose, Takamichi; Watanabe, Naohiro; Sakai, Saburo

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)90182-1

Cited by 89 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…DE alone did not induce pathological changes [64]. Other studies carried out with higher doses of DEPs (300 mg) under similar conditions have demonstrated an increase in speci®c IgE [65]. Together with the aforementioned studies, this suggests that this response may be dose and time dependent.…”

Section: In Vivo Studiessupporting

confidence: 63%

Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions

et al. 2001

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Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between different levels of air pollution and various health outcomes including mortality, exacerbation of asthma, chronic bronchitis, respiratory tract infections, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Of the motor vehicle generated air pollutants, diesel exhaust particles account for a highly significant percentage of the particles emitted in many towns and cities. This review is therefore focused on the health effects of diesel exhaust, and especially the particular matter components.Acute effects of diesel exhaust exposure include irritation of the nose and eyes, lung function changes, respiratory changes, headache, fatigue and nausea. Chronic exposures are associated with cough, sputum production and lung function decrements. In addition to symptoms, exposure studies in healthy humans have documented a number of profound inflammatory changes in the airways, notably, before changes in pulmonary function can be detected. It is likely that such effects may be even more detrimental in asthmatics and other subjects with compromised pulmonary function.There are also observations supporting the hypothesis that diesel exhaust is one important factor contributing to the allergy pandemic. For example, in many experimental systems, diesel exhaust particles can be shown to act as adjuvants to allergen and hence increase the sensitization response.Much of the research on adverse effects of diesel exhaust, bothin vivoandin vitro, has however been conducted in animals. Questions remain concerning the relevance of exposure levels and whether findings in such models can be extrapolated into humans. It is therefore imperative to further assess acute and chronic effects of diesel exhaust in mechanistic studies with careful consideration of exposure levels. Whenever possible and ethically justified, studies should be carried out in humans.

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Section: In Vivo Studiessupporting

confidence: 63%

Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions

et al. 2001

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“…Intranasal inoculation of DEP has been reported to have an adjuvant activity for IgE production in mice (63). In the same animal model, coadministration of DEP with antigen has been shown to significantly increase the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 (64,65) and decrease the levels of the Th1 cytokine IFN-c (66) in the lymph nodes, compared with instillation of antigen alone. The carbon core of DEP contains a number of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) including anthracene, fluoranthrene, pyrene, and phenanthrene.…”

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confidence: 98%

Adverse respiratory effects and allergic susceptibility in relation to particulate air pollution: flirting with disaster

Cacciola

Sarvà

Polosa

2002

Allergy

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The prevalence of allergic conditions such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema/dermatitis has steadily increased in recent decades. Elicitation of an IgE-mediated allergic trait appears to be determined by the complex interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, although genetic factors in addition to allergen exposure are important, the observed rise in the prevalence of allergic conditions is likely to be ensuing from modifications occurring in the environment (1-3). The remarkable expansion in motor vehicle traffic and its associated emissions has paralleled the world-wide increase in the prevalence of respiratory tract conditions (4). Over the last 40 years the global vehicular fleet has expanded ten-fold and the number of vehicles are predicted to increase even further over the next 20-30 years (5). Estimates by the United Nations indicate that over 600 million people living in cities and towns world-wide are exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of motor vehicle generated air pollutants (6).Although the health effects of urban air pollution on the respiratory tract has been the focus of much research in recent times, it appears that less attention has been given to the potential role of pollutants emitted from motor vehicle exhausts in the elicitation of allergic conditions. Several laboratory based studies have demonstrated that particulate air pollutants emitted from motor vehicles can induce mucosal inflammation, enhance IgE responses, and heighten airway hyperresponsivenss which could provide an explanation for the increasing prevalence of respiratory symptoms and allergic diseases (7). The present article reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhance the underlying allergic inflammatory response, and the evidence that supports the causative link between particulate air pollution from motor vehicles and increasing allergic diseases. This article will comply with the recently revised nomenclature of allergic disorders proposed by an EAACI task force (8).Particulate air pollutants and respiratory symptoms: epidemiological evidence A number of epidemiological studies in several countries support the view that exposure to traffic-related pollutants is associated with a broad spectrum of adverse short-term respiratory effects in vulnerable individuals. Studies in Japan (9-11) have shown that people living close to main roads with heavy traffic suffered more respiratory symptoms and allergies than those living further away. Similar studies carried out in the UK (12) and in the Netherlands (13, 14) reported increased respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function in those children living in close proximity of roads with high traffic intensity, which positively correlated with the levels of particulate matter in the

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“…DEPs inoculated by the intranasal route act as an adjuvant activity for IgE production in mice (54). Coadministration of DEP with antigen has been shown to increase significantly the levels of IL-4 in the mediastinal lymph nodes of mice compared with instillation of antigen alone (55). Similarly, levels of the T helper cell-1 cytokine interferon-gamma have been reported to be three times lower in the cervical lymph nodes following DEP and antigen challenge than with antigen alone (56).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Diesel Exhaust-inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: A Putative Proallergic Hazard?

Polosa¹,

Salvi

1999

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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Air pollution generated from motor vehicle exhaust has become a major cause for scientific and public concern worldwide over recent years. The rapid and marked increase in the motor vehicle traffic and its associated emissions in urban areas have paralleled a sharp increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between people living in close proximity to roads with high traffic density and increased allergic symptoms, reduced lung function and increased sensitization to common aeroallergens. Several laboratory-based studies have demonstrated that pollutants emitted from motor vehicles can induce allergic inflammation and increase airway hyperresponsiveness, which may provide an underlying mechanism for the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases. Although the detrimental effects of air pollution on human health have been brought to public attention, it appears that less attention has been given to the potential role of road traffic fumes in the induction of the allergic state. Legislators should consider pollutants emitted from motor vehicle exhausts as a potential pro-allergic hazard, before making important changes in environmental policy.

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IL-4 production in mediastinal lymph node cells in mice intratracheally instilled with diesel exhaust particulates and antigen

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions

Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions

Adverse respiratory effects and allergic susceptibility in relation to particulate air pollution: flirting with disaster

Particulate Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: A Putative Proallergic Hazard?

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