IL-6 Quotient (The Ratio of Cerebrospinal Fluid IL-6 to Serum IL-6) as a Biomarker of an Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm

Kamińska, Joanna; Dymicka-Piekarska, Violetta; Chrzanowski, Robert; Sawicki, Karol; Milewska, Anna Justyna; Zińczuk, Justyna; Tylicka, Marzena; Jadeszko, Marek; Mariak, Zenon; Kratz, Ewa Maria; Matowicka-Karna, Joanna; Kornhuber, Johannes; Lewczuk, Piotr; Koper-Lenkiewicz, Olga Martyna

doi:10.2147/jir.s335618

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In this context, our study also provides new insight into understanding the process of intracranial aneurysm formation. Additionally, in UIA patients, contrary to subjects without vascular lesions in the brain, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1α concentrations were significantly higher in CSF when compared to the serum values, which indicates that these molecules are synthesized locally within the CNS, 4 , 5 , 47 possibly in response to the development of a brain aneurysm. Current research also strengthens our previous findings indicating the significant role of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in the formation and development of brain aneurysms in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Current research also strengthens our previous findings indicating the significant role of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in the formation and development of brain aneurysms in humans. 4 , 5 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed information about the procedure can be found in our previous publications. 4 , 5 The control group consisted of 15 patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia because of an anatomical conflict between the trigeminal nerve and the cerebellar artery. All patients within this group were revealed to be unresponsive to conservative treatment and were qualified for posterior fossa craniotomy and microvascular decompression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurosurgical procedures to obtain CSF were conducted in the standard manner. For details please refer to the publications of Kamińska et al 4 , 5 Particular care was taken to prevent any contamination of the CSF with blood or warm saline solution used as irrigation. All the aforementioned steps were taken at the start of each procedure, before any bleeding might have occurred.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammation within the arterial vessel due to hemodynamic changes is a critical element in the formation of an intracranial aneurysm (IA). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Understanding the mechanisms leading to the formation of brain aneurysms and identifying all the relevant "players" in this process is essential for the development of an effective pharmacotherapy that could prevent life-threatening subarachnoid hemorrhage from rupture of IA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels are Significantly Altered in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (UIA) Patients

Kamińska¹,

Maciejczyk²,

Ćwiklińska³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Introduction Identifying all the relevant “players” in the formation and development of brain aneurysms may help understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation of an aneurysm, as well as in the search for non-invasive targets for aneurysm pharmacotherapy. Aim The evaluation of the concentration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) in comparison to individuals without vascular lesions in the brain. Methods The concentration of 27 proteins in the CSF and serum of UIA patients (N = 40) and individuals without vascular lesions in the brain (N = 15) was evaluated using a multiplex ELISA kit (Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Panel). Results In the CSF 13 out of 27 proteins evaluated presented a concentration 1.36-fold or greater in UIA patients in comparison to the control group. Significantly higher were IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, TNF-α, INF-γ, MCP-1, and VEGF. In the serum none of the proteins evaluated significantly differ between UIA patients and the control group. The correlation coefficient analysis showed that CSF IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α positively, while IL-13 negatively correlated with the size of aneurysms. CSF IL-6 and MCP-1 concentrations positively correlated with the number of aneurysms. Conclusion In patients with UIA, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are activated simultaneously, because the concentration of promoting and suppressing inflammatory response proteins was significantly higher in CSF of UIA patients compared to the control group. The preventive therapy of brain aneurysm development should be focused on IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α, the concentration of which in CSF positively correlated with the size and number of aneurysms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Current research also strengthens our previous findings indicating the significant role of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in the formation and development of brain aneurysms in humans. 4 , 5 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%