Illiberal peacebuilding in a hybrid regime. Authoritarian strategies for conflict containment in Myanmar

Stokke, Kristian; Kham, Klo Kwe Moo; Nge, Nang K.L.; Kvanvik, Silje Hvilsom

doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102551

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…even the movement itself is called the "Civil Disobedience Movement (Stokke et al, 2022)." Albeit just being disobedient and not necessarily violent in the ordeal, the protesting people have been suppressed, repressed, and violated their human rights by the military and its associates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insurgency of the Ethnic Armed Organizations’ Role in Myanmar’s 2021 Coup: A Total People’s War Analysis

Firdaus,

Hendra,

Hadianto

et al. 2024

Hanbelneg

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This article attempts to uncover events in Myanmar during the 2021 coup and its relationship with the country's various Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs). The Tatmadaw initiated the 2021 coup because the civilian government's landslide victory was based on deceit and fraud. The aim was to ascertain whether the Ethnic Armed Organizations' (EAOs) inability to overturn the military coup is linked to their shortcomings in implementing the total people's war (TPW) strategy. To that end, this qualitative article utilized a historiography-analytical-based approach in its analysis. The analysis was grounded in a methodology that incorporated a framework encompassing Kiras' four concepts of a successful insurgency and Nasution's perspective on nationalism. The two methodological tools, therefore, consist of the concepts "space," "time," "support," and also "legitimacy." The EAOs' myriad backgrounds and resources make their implementation of the mentioned concept vary. The article concludes by saying that further research is needed to clarify and make other generalizations on the research question.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insurgency of the Ethnic Armed Organizations’ Role in Myanmar’s 2021 Coup: A Total People’s War Analysis

Firdaus,

Hendra,

Hadianto

et al. 2024

Hanbelneg

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“…Even though since 1990 the National League for Democracy (NLD) won the general election in Myanmar, the democratization or democratic transition that has been promised by the military has not seen a bright spot in a positive direction (Nare, 2021;Sadan & Dan, 2021). The existence of ethnic divisions in Myanmar against the authoritarian regime is the main obstacle to building an opposition coalition against the military junta (Manosuthikit, 2021;Stokke et al, 2022). After the general election in November 2010, it can be said that Myanmar has moved away from reclusive authoritarianism but is not yet fully democratic (Bünte, 2021;Jap & Ziegfeld, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a deep structural challenge that, beyond military approval, requires broad social change to achieve. But without this, Myanmar will continue to be plagued by many problems (Mahmood et al, 2020;Stokke et al, 2022). However, the military coup that took place on February 1, 2021 indicated that even though the political order of Myanmar's supervision ended, Myanmar still had to face the dynamics of implementing democracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, various pressures arose over these human rights violations. International pressure and threats against Myanmar indirectly have a bad impact on the situation and conditions in Myanmar itself (Stokke et al, 2022;Yang et al, 2021). The impact of economic sanctions from Western countries such as the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) for more than 20 years has made the economy in Myanmar increasingly underdeveloped and slumped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper is one of the results of the seminar KKLN (Kuliah Kerja Luar Negeri) done by Peace and Conflict Resolution Study Program, Republic of Indonesia Defence University, focused on studying how to resolve conflict in Myanmar after the Coup happened in February 2021. The topic chosen in this paper is to enlighten the international society about what happened in Myanmar and how do international community deal with it (Jap & Ziegfeld, 2020;Sanchez, 2020;Stokke et al, 2022). We seek that this topic has its urgency due to the mass protests in Myanmar that caught international attention and how once again the country is ruled under the Military Junta system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of The International Community in Establishing Democracy in Myanmar

Samsoerizal

Hidayat

Sukendro

2021

IJSSB

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The existence of differences in Myanmar against the ruling regime is a significant obstacle in building opposition against the military junta. After being generalized in the November 2010 elections, it could be argued that Myanmar has moved away from reclusive authoritarianism but is not yet fully democratized. However, until now, the freedom felt by the people of Myanmar is still limited. It falls under the category of hybrid regimes encountered in the literature as 'not clearly democratic or conventionally authoritarian.' This study aims to analyze the role of the International Community towards Myanmar in promoting democratization. This study describes the political dynamics of Myanmar from its independence until the coup that just occurred in 2021. The method used in this paper is qualitative. This research collects and analyzes data from literature studies and interviews. This study found that international actors who play a role are NGOs, including ASEAN and the US, China, and Indonesia. The military coup has dashed hopes for democracy in Myanmar. The state has committed and reported as a result of civil protests to the military leadership. The coup has influenced the country to decline development in the political, social, and economic fields. In playing democracy, these actors try to develop meaning towards Myanmar using, among others, dialogue between the Myanmar civilians and the military and organizing joint talks. These methods hope Myanmar civilians get the ideal meaning of democracy.

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Revolutionary resistance against full autocratization. Actors and strategies of resistance after the 2021 military coup in Myanmar

Stokke,

Kyaw

2024

Political Geography

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Illiberal peacebuilding in a hybrid regime. Authoritarian strategies for conflict containment in Myanmar

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Insurgency of the Ethnic Armed Organizations’ Role in Myanmar’s 2021 Coup: A Total People’s War Analysis

Insurgency of the Ethnic Armed Organizations’ Role in Myanmar’s 2021 Coup: A Total People’s War Analysis

The Role of The International Community in Establishing Democracy in Myanmar

Revolutionary resistance against full autocratization. Actors and strategies of resistance after the 2021 military coup in Myanmar

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