Illumina MiSeq Sequencing Investigation of Microbiota in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Cecum of the Swine Infected with PRRSV

Jiang, Nan; Liu, Huan; Wang, Peng; Huang, Jing; Han, Hui; Wang, Qinfu

doi:10.1007/s00284-018-1613-y

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We only identified four studies investigating the LRT microbiota composition in healthy pigs by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Table 1), and their results often diverged. Two studies reported Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the main phyla, but the third most dominant [43][44][45]. The discrepancies between the three studies could be due to age disparities in the studied animals, and to methodological differences in sampling and data analysis ( Table 1).…”

Section: Bacterial Topography Of the Healthy Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The discrepancies between the three studies could be due to age disparities in the studied animals, and to methodological differences in sampling and data analysis ( Table 1). The breeding environment could also have contributed to such discrepancies, given that in one study animals were housed in separate units in a biosafety level 2 (BSL2) facility [45], whereas animals were raised under natural conditions in the other two studies [43,44]. In addition, two studies failed to include negative and positive control samples [44,45], and some of the genera identified (e.g.…”

Section: Bacterial Topography Of the Healthy Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The breeding environment could also have contributed to such discrepancies, given that in one study animals were housed in separate units in a biosafety level 2 (BSL2) facility [45], whereas animals were raised under natural conditions in the other two studies [43,44]. In addition, two studies failed to include negative and positive control samples [44,45], and some of the genera identified (e.g. Sphingobium and Escherichia) could be potential contaminants, especially in low biomass samples (see Section Methodological study limitations).…”

Section: Bacterial Topography Of the Healthy Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors, including respiratory disease onset, farm management practices and antimicrobial treatment, contribute to reducing the bacterial diversity in the imbalance state (right circle) phylum was Bacteroidetes in the study byHuang et al (2019) and Tenericutes in the study by Li et al (2020)[43,44]. Conversely,Jiang et al (2019) found Firmicutes as the dominant phylum, whereas Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes formed only a minor portion of the healthy lung microbiota[45]. Even bigger differences were observed at the genus level, with the predominant genera being Methylotenera, Prevotella, Sphingobium and Lactobacillus according toHuang et al (2019), Escherichia, Mycoplasma, Lactococcus and Macrococcus according to Li et al (2020), and Anoxybacillus and Caloramator according to Jiang et al (2019)…”

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confidence: 95%

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The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges

et al. 2021

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Understanding the structure of the respiratory microbiome and its complex interactions with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria has become a topic of great scientific and economic interest in livestock production, given the severe consequences of respiratory disease on animal health and welfare. The present review focuses on the microbial structures of the porcine upper and lower airways, and the factors that influence microbiome development and onset of respiratory disease. Following a literature search on PubMed and Scopus, 21 articles were selected based on defined exclusion criteria (20 studies performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and one by shotgun metagenomics). Analysis of the selected literature indicated that the microbial structure of the upper respiratory tract undergoes a remarkable evolution after birth and tends to stabilise around weaning. Antimicrobial treatment, gaseous ammonia concentration, diet and floor type are amongst the recognized environmental factors influencing microbiome structure. The predominant phyla of the upper respiratory tract are Proteobacteria and Firmicutes with significant differences at the genus level between the nasal and the oropharyngeal cavity. Only five studies investigated the lower respiratory tract and their results diverged in relation to the relative abundance of these two phyla and even more in the composition of the lung microbiome at the genus level, likely because of methodological differences. Reduced diversity and imbalanced microbial composition are associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease. However, most studies presented methodological pitfalls concerning specimen collection, sequencing target and depth, and lack of quality control. Standardization of sampling and sequencing procedures would contribute to a better understanding of the structure of the microbiota inhabiting the lower respiratory tract and its relationship with pig health and disease.

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Section: Bacterial Topography Of the Healthy Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Bacterial Topography Of the Healthy Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Topography Of the Healthy Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 95%

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The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges

et al. 2021

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“…What is more, the coinfection of Mhp and reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is generally considered to be universal. The quantitative microbial ecology analysis of microbiota was performed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from PRRSV-infected pigs, and found the dominant bacterial groups were Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyorhinis, which indicated that the pathological importance of Mycoplasma hyorhinis had been underestimated (112). Earlier research pointed out that Mhp infection could increase the lung susceptibility to Pasteurella multocida (113).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Variability and Post-translational Protein Processing Enhance the Immune Evasion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Its Interaction With the Porcine Immune System

Obeng

Shu

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae, Mhp) is a geographically widespread and economically devastating pathogen that colonizes ciliated epithelium; the infection of Mhp can damnify the mucociliary functions as well as leading to Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS). MPS is a chronic respiratory infectious disease with high infectivity, and the mortality can be increased by secondary infections as the host immunity gets down-regulated during Mhp infection. The host immune responses are regarded as the main driving force for the disease development, while MPS is prone to attack repeatedly in farms even with vaccination or other treatments. As one of the smallest microorganisms with limited genome scale and metabolic pathways, Mhp can use several mechanisms to achieve immune evasion effect and derive enough nutrients from its host, indicating that there is a strong interaction between Mhp and porcine organism. In this review, we summarized the immune evasion mechanisms from genomic variability and post-translational protein processing. Besides, Mhp can induce the immune cells apoptosis by reactive oxygen species production, excessive nitric oxide (NO) release and caspase activation, and stimulate the release of cytokines to regulate inflammation. This article seeks to provide some new points to reveal the complicated interaction between the pathogen and host immune system with Mhp as a typical example, further providing some new strategies for the vaccine development against Mhp infection.

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Comparative analysis of the pulmonary microbiome in healthy and diseased pigs

Wang

et al. 2020

Mol Genet Genomics

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Illumina MiSeq Sequencing Investigation of Microbiota in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Cecum of the Swine Infected with PRRSV

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges

The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges

Genomic Variability and Post-translational Protein Processing Enhance the Immune Evasion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Its Interaction With the Porcine Immune System

Comparative analysis of the pulmonary microbiome in healthy and diseased pigs

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