The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges

Pirolo, Mattia; Espinosa-Gongora, Carmen; Bogaert, Debby; Guardabassi, Luca

doi:10.1186/s42523-020-00070-4

Cited by 31 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Lower bacterial richness and evenness was found in the nasal microbiota in the farms with disease, when they were compared with the animals from the healthy control farms. This finding is supported by many other studies that established that lower alpha diversity values are linked to poor health status in pigs, but also in other species [ 13 , 16 , 17 ]. Here, a lower microbial richness of the nasal cavity in the disease farms may be associated with the proliferation of the undesirable taxonomic groups that would lead to systemic infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Altered Nasal Microbiota Composition Associated with Development of Polyserositis by Mycoplasma hyorhinis

et al. 2021

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Fibrinous polyserositis in swine farming is a common pathological finding in nursery animals. The differential diagnosis of this finding should include Glaesserella parasuis (aetiological agent of Glässer’s disease) and Mycoplasma hyorhinis, among others. These microorganisms are early colonizers of the upper respiratory tract of piglets. The composition of the nasal microbiota at weaning was shown to constitute a predisposing factor for the development of Glässer’s disease. Here, we unravel the role of the nasal microbiota in the subsequent systemic infection by M. hyorhinis, and the similarities and differences with Glässer’s disease. Nasal samples from farms with recurrent problems with polyserositis associated with M. hyorhinis (MH) or Glässer’s disease (GD) were included in this study, together with healthy control farms (HC). Nasal swabs were taken from piglets in MH farms at weaning, before the onset of the clinical outbreaks, and were submitted to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V3–V4 region). These sequences were analyzed together with sequences from similar samples previously obtained in GD and HC farms. Animals from farms with disease (MH and GD) had a nasal microbiota with lower diversity than those from the HC farms. However, the composition of the nasal microbiota of the piglets from these disease farms was different, suggesting that divergent microbiota imbalances may predispose the animals to the two systemic infections. We also found variants of the pathogens that were associated with the farms with the corresponding disease, highlighting the importance of studying the microbiome at strain-level resolution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Altered Nasal Microbiota Composition Associated with Development of Polyserositis by Mycoplasma hyorhinis

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, antimicrobials have the potential to disrupt the beneficial microbial communities of the microbiota [7,13,14]. Therefore, alternative tools to control diseases while ensuring balanced costs and low economic loses are of great interest [15], including those directed to the development and maintenance of healthy microbial communities [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sow Contact Is a Major Driver in the Development of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets

2021

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The nasal microbiota composition is associated with the health status of piglets. Sow-contact in early life is one of the factors influencing the microbial composition in piglets; however, its impact has never been assessed in the nasal microbiota of piglets reared in controlled environmental conditions. Nasal microbiota of weaning piglets in high-biosecurity facilities with different time of contact with their sows (no contact after farrowing, contact limited to few hours or normal contact until weaning at three weeks) was unveiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Contact with sows demonstrated to be a major factor affecting the nasal microbial composition of the piglets. The nasal microbiota of piglets that had contact with sows until weaning, but were reared in high biosecurity facilities, was richer and more similar to the previously described healthy nasal microbiota from conventional farm piglets. On the other hand, the nasal communities inhabiting piglets with no or limited contact with sows was different and dominated by bacteria not commonly abundant in this body site. Furthermore, the length of sow–piglet contact was also an important variable. In addition, the piglets raised in BSL3 conditions showed an increased richness of low-abundant species in the nasal microbiota. Artificially rearing in high biosecurity facilities without the contact of sows as a source of nasal colonizers had dramatic impacts on the nasal microbiota of weaning piglets and may introduce significant bias into animal research under these conditions.

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“…Thereafter, the microbiota begins to stabilize and progress toward and adult-like composition 2-3 weeks after the weaning (Slifierz et al, 2015;Cortes et al, 2018). As previously described in the gut (Mach et al, 2015), weaning is the critical period for the establishment of a robust and stable adult-like microbiota composition in piglets (Pirolo et al, 2021). Alongside weaning, other key environmental factors can modify the composition of the URT microbiota early in life, including the addition or removal of feed antibiotics (Zeineldin et al, 2018;Correa-Fiz et al, 2019;Mou et al, 2019;Zeineldin et al, 2019), gaseous ammonia concentration (Michiels et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2019), type of floor (Megahed et al, 2019) or feeding strategies (Weese et al, 2014).…”

Section: Environmental Stressors As Drivers Of the Respiratory Microbiota Composition And Dynamics Across Speciesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In cows and feedlot cattle, several studies have reported how a healthy respiratory microbiota is established in the airways and surveyed which host and environmental factors drive it (Timsit et al, 2016;Hall et al, 2017;Holman et al, 2017;Nicola et al, 2017;Zeineldin et al, 2017a;Holman et al, 2018;Stroebel et al, 2018;Amat et al, 2019;McMullen et al, 2020;Zeineldin et al, 2020a). Analogously, predicting when and how respiratory microbiome breaks down is at the heart of several studies in swine (Cortes et al, 2018;Zeineldin et al, 2018;Jakobsen et al, 2019;Megahed et al, 2019;Mou et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Pirolo et al, 2021). For instance, it appears as though that during weaning, several microorganisms act synergistically to mediate the BRDC (Gaeta et al, 2017;Klima et al, 2019;McMullen et al, 2019;Zeineldin et al, 2019) and PRDC (Wang et al, 2018;Li et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals

Mach

Baranowski

Nouvel

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry. Pathogens in the respiratory tract share their habitat with a myriad of commensal microorganisms. Increasing evidence points towards a respiratory pathobiome concept, integrating the dysbiotic bacterial communities, the host and the environment in a new understanding of respiratory disease etiology. During the infection, the airway microbiota likely regulates and is regulated by pathogens through diverse mechanisms, thereby acting either as a gatekeeper that provides resistance to pathogen colonization or enhancing their prevalence and bacterial co-infectivity, which often results in disease exacerbation. Insight into the complex interplay taking place in the respiratory tract between the pathogens, microbiota, the host and its environment during infection in domestic animals is a research field in its infancy in which most studies are focused on infections from enteric pathogens and gut microbiota. However, its understanding may improve pathogen control and reduce the severity of microbial-related diseases, including those with zoonotic potential.

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The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges

Cited by 31 publications

References 70 publications

Altered Nasal Microbiota Composition Associated with Development of Polyserositis by Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Altered Nasal Microbiota Composition Associated with Development of Polyserositis by Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Sow Contact Is a Major Driver in the Development of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets

The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals

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