“…The precision of IMRT is inherently dependent on uncertainties in inter-and intrafractional position; therefore, its potential can be improved by using daily image guidance (imageguided radiation therapy [IGRT] [4,5]) and precise positioning before each radiation fraction. The IGRT-based method is currently replacing intra-and extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy (6)(7)(8). However, few reports exist about IGRT for large upper-abdominal target volumes other than the liver.…”
“…The precision of IMRT is inherently dependent on uncertainties in inter-and intrafractional position; therefore, its potential can be improved by using daily image guidance (imageguided radiation therapy [IGRT] [4,5]) and precise positioning before each radiation fraction. The IGRT-based method is currently replacing intra-and extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy (6)(7)(8). However, few reports exist about IGRT for large upper-abdominal target volumes other than the liver.…”
“…Some recent research studies have shown that removing FF from the linac head can increase the dose rate considerably, and it may have applications with IMRT and other multi-leaf collimator (MLC)-based modalities. 4,5 A study on IMRT with the FF free photon beam revealed that its dose distribution properties are comparable with those of the standard beam, and the amount of out-of-fi eld dose was decreased using FF free beams. 5 Monte Carlo (MC) method is a powerful tool for analyzing linac head components and infl uencing factors on beam characteristics.…”
“…The authors subsequently described the treatment of a single patient presenting with a recurrent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma at the level of T-11; a dose of 15 Gy was delivered to the 80% isodose line. Bayouth et al (2007) subsequently coupled the IR-ultrasound system with a specially designed linac to facilitate cranial and extracranial stereotactic applications.…”
Section: Stereophotogrammetric Methods Of Stereotactic Localizationmentioning
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