Object recognition is an automated image processing application of great interest in
areas ranging from defect inspection to robot vision. In this regard,
the generalized Hough transform is a well-established technique for
the recognition of geometrical features even when they are partially
occluded or corrupted by noise. To extend the original
algorithm—aimed at detecting 2D geometrical features out of
single images—we propose the robust integral generalized Hough
transform, which corresponds to transformation under the generalized
Hough transform of an elemental image array obtained from a 3D scene
under integral imaging capture. The proposed algorithm constitutes a
robust approach to pattern recognition in 3D scenes that takes into
account information obtained not only from the individual processing
of each image of the array but also from the spatial restrictions
arising from perspective shifts between images. The problem of global
detection of a 3D object of given size, position, and orientation is
then exchanged under the robust integral generalized Hough transform
for a more easily solved maximum detection in an accumulation (Hough)
space dual to the elemental image array of the scene. Detected objects
can then be visualized following refocusing schemes of integral
imaging. Validation experiments for the detection and visualization of
partially occluded 3D objects are presented. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the first implementation of the generalized Hough
transform for 3D object detection in integral imaging.