Image Sensor Communication — Current Status and Future Perspectives

Iizuka, Nobuo

doi:10.1587/transcom.2016lci0003

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Vision, surveillance, biometric facial recognition [350], scene change detection [351], augmented reality [352], positioning [353], digital signage [354], lighthouse-to-ship/ship-to-ship communications [355], and drone-to-drone communications for collision avoidance are all possible applications of VLC-OCC technology as a part of the fourth industrial revolution. However, one of the most interesting application areas for VLC-OCC is ITS for broadcasting traffic and safety-related information between roadside infrastructure and vehicles to improve traffic guidance [356], reduce pollution and energy usage, reduce road fatalities [357], improve economical productivity, and quality of life [358].…”

Section: Optical Camera Communication (Occ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO) communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the way back to ancient man’s fire to today’s machine-learning-supported UOC systems. The principles, significance, and developments that have happened over the past several decades, as well as installation methodologies, technological limitations, and today’s challenges of UOCs are presented. All the subsets of UOC: FSO communication, underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC), and visible light communication (VLC), with their technology/system developments, potential applications, and limitations are reviewed. The state-of-the-art developments/achievements in (i) FSO channel effects and their mitigation techniques; (ii) radio-over-FSO techniques; (iii) wavelength division multiplexing and sub-carrier multiplexing techniques; (iv) FSO for worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications; (v) space optical satellite communication (SOSC); (vi) UWOC; (vii) photoacoustic communication (PAC); (viii) light-fidelity; (ix) VLC; (x) vehicular VLC (V2LC); and (xi) optical camera communication are reviewed. In addition, the current developments on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (to improve the performance of UOC systems), energy harvesting (for the effective utilization of UOC channels), and near-future communication network scenarios (mandatory for secured broadband digital links) are covered. Finally, in brief, to achieve the full potential of UOC systems, challenges that require immediate research attention are summarized.

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Section: Optical Camera Communication (Occ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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“…The focus of this research is image sensor communication (ISC), which generally refers to the VLC system using a camera as the receiving device [2,3,4]. ISC captures optical signals, which are sent by LEDs, as images and performs image processing to demodulate the data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential maximum likelihood decoding incorporating reliability determination for image sensor communication

et al. 2020

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In this study, the sequential maximum likelihood decoding (S-MLD) for image sensor based visible light communication, referred to as image sensor communication, is proposed. The conventional system cannot correctly decode degraded captured images. To overcome this problem, S-MLD partitions the LED area on the image into two segments and sequentially creates pseudo-captured images, which imitate all possible LED blinking patterns. This approach is based on MLD for each segment. Moreover, reliability determination is incorporated to improve communication quality. We performed computer simulations and confirmed that S-MLD exhibits superior decoding performance and approximately 90% computational cost reduction compared to the previous MLD.

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“…1. This VLC system is referred to as an image sensor communication (ISC) system [13][14][15][16]. This system allows the exchange of safety information between roadway infrastructure and vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum likelihood decoding based on pseudo-captured image templates for image sensor communication

Arai

Matsushita

Ohira

et al. 2019

NOLTA

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This paper focuses on an image sensor communication system that uses an LED as the transmitter and a high-speed image sensor (camera) as the receiver. Communication in this scheme depends on the quality of images transmitted from the LED to the sensor. If the image becomes unfocused on the way to the receiver, the LED luminance that make up the signal cannot be detected, so the receiver cannot demodulate the signal data. To overcome this problem, this study proposes a novel demodulation scheme to recover data from a degraded image, based on a maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) algorithm. The proposed method creates template images that imitate all possible blinking patterns produced by the LED transmitter, and then calculates the Euclidean distances between pixels in the captured image and the pseudo images for all possible blinking patterns. Finally, the algorithm chooses the image template with the smallest Euclidian distance from the received signal as the recovered data. Though an exhaustive set of image templates must be prepared for the proposed MLD, the number of templates depends on the number of LEDs on the transmitter. Thus, the computational complexity of this method increases as the number of transmitter LEDs increases. To reduce the computational complexity of the proposed MLD algorithm, the binary differential evolution (BDE) algorithm is used, which is a swarm intelligence technique. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the BDE algorithm's usefulness for reducing computational complexity and improving the BER of the communication system.

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Image Sensor Communication — Current Status and Future Perspectives

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

Sequential maximum likelihood decoding incorporating reliability determination for image sensor communication

Maximum likelihood decoding based on pseudo-captured image templates for image sensor communication

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