Image velocity, not tau, explains arrival-time judgments from global optical flow.

Kerzel, Dirk; Hecht, Heiko; Kim, Nam-Gyoon

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.25.6.1540

Cited by 27 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In line with studies demonstrating that single optical cues are used to estimate arrival time, Kerzel, Hecht, and Kim (1999) found that reliable TTP judgments may be achieved without sensitivity to global tau. Instead, observers' judgments were guided by a related but simpler variable, the optical velocity of the object.…”

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confidence: 52%

Time-to-passage judgments on circular trajectories are based on relative optical acceleration

Kerzel

Hecht

Kim

2001

Perception & Psychophysics

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Current theories of arrival time have difficulty explaining performance in the common but neglected case of nonlinear approach. Global tau, a variable supposed to guide time-to-passage (TTP) judgments of objects approaching on linear trajectories,does not apply to circular movement. However, TTP judgments are surprisingly accurate in such cases. We simulated movement through a three-dimensional cloud of point-lights on various circular trajectories. Arrival-time judgments were found to be above chance when observers had to determine which of two expansionless targets would pass them first. Similar to the inside bias observed in heading studies on circular trajectories, observers showed a strong bias to select the target on the inside of their own curved motion path as passing by first. Analysis of the projected target motion revealed that targets on the inside had lower optical velocities and relatively high optical acceleration rates. Empirical TTP judgments agreed best with a strategy based on relative optical velocity changes.

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confidence: 52%

Time-to-passage judgments on circular trajectories are based on relative optical acceleration

Kerzel

Hecht

Kim

2001

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Thus, the deformation is not ignored. This new factor adds to previous ones that have been found to affect TTP judgments: familiar size (DeLucia, 2005) and image velocity (Kerzel, Hecht, & Kim, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of texture and shape on perceived time to passage: Knowing “what” influences judging “when”

López‐Moliner

Brenner

Smeets

2007

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Likewise, DeLucia and Meyer (1999) state that factors other than optical TTC information are required to model perceived collision. Such models are likely to be based on parameters that are less complex than tau, such as image velocity (Kerzel, Hecht, & Kim, 1999), velocity combined with distance (Smeets, Brenner, Trébuchet, & Mestre, 1996), or expansion rate (Flach, Smith, & Stanard, in press). This is also supported by studies with drivers whose data is explained by simpler parameters (Cavallo, Laya, & Laurent, 1986).…”

Section: Tau Theory and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of spatiotemporal sampling on time-to-contact judgments

Hecht¹,

Kaiser

Savelsbergh

et al. 2002

Perception & Psychophysics

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When motion in the frontoparallel plane is temporally sampled, it is often perceivedto be slower than its continuous counterpart. This finding stands in contrast to humans' ability to extrapolate and anticipate constant-velocitymotion. We investigated whether this sampling bias generalizesto motion in the sagittal plane (i.e., objects approaching the observer).We employed a paradigm in which observers judged the arrival time of an oncoming object. We found detrimental effects of time sampling on both perceived time to contact and time to passage. Observers systematically overestimated the time it would take a frontally approaching object to intersect their eye plane. To rule out artifactsinherent in computer simulation, we replicated the experiment, using real objects. The bias persisted and proved to be robust across a large range of temporal and spatial variations. Energy and pooling mechanisms are discussed in an attempt to understand the effect.

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Image velocity, not tau, explains arrival-time judgments from global optical flow.

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Time-to-passage judgments on circular trajectories are based on relative optical acceleration

Time-to-passage judgments on circular trajectories are based on relative optical acceleration

Effects of texture and shape on perceived time to passage: Knowing “what” influences judging “when”

The impact of spatiotemporal sampling on time-to-contact judgments

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