Imagine to Remember: An Episodic Future Thinking Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Epstein, Leonard H.; Jimenez-Knight, Tatiana; Honan, Anna M; Paluch, Rocco A.; Bickel, Warren K.

doi:10.2147/ppa.s342118

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Experiments 1 and 2 show that people who engage in daily interdental cleaning discount delayed gains less than people who engage in interdental cleaning occasionally throughout a year. This nding is consistent with prior studies of the relationship between delay discounting and other preventive health behaviors, including attending primary care visits [14,23], medication adherence [24], and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic [25]. It is also consistent with the preponderance of work in delay discounting and health behavior, which shows that greater discounting of delayed gains is associated with behavioral health problems such as substance use disorders and gambling [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Laboratory studies have shown that episodic future thinking can decrease discounting of delayed rewards [32,33]. Although the evidence demonstrating that episodic future thinking can produce lasting change in health behavior is limited, small early studies show promising results in the domains of medication adherence [24] and smoking cessation [34]. An intervention in which patients are simply coached to practice vividly imagining a future in which they have good oral health because they ossed is seemingly practical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delay Discounting, Probability Discounting, and Interdental Cleaning Frequency

DeFulio

Rzeszutek

2022

Preprint

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Background: Interdental cleaning is recommended by dentists but many people do not floss regularly. The health benefits of interdental cleaning are delayed, and sensitivity to delay is an important factor in many health behaviors. Thus, the present studies explore the relationship between frequency of flossing, and sensitivity to delayed and probabilistic outcomes. Method: Crowd-sourced participants were recruited in two studies (n = 584 and n = 321, respectively). In both studies, participants reported their frequency of flossing and completed delay discounting and probability discounting tasks. Discounting was measured with Area Under the Curve, and linear regression was used to analyze the results. Results: Findings show that higher levels of delay discounting were associated with less frequent flossing (p < .001, both studies). In contrast, probability discounting was not significantly associated with flossing frequency (ns, both studies). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with prior studies involving other health behaviors such as attendance at primary care and medication adherence. Results suggest that interventions that reduce delay discounting may help promote regular interdental cleaning, and that delay discounting is a more robust predictor of health behaviors than probability discounting. In addition, interdental cleaning appears to be a reasonable target behavior for evaluating potentially generalizable behavioral health interventions. Thus, interventions that are successful in promoting oral health behaviors should be considered as candidates for evaluation in other health behavior domains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay Discounting, Probability Discounting, and Interdental Cleaning Frequency

DeFulio

Rzeszutek

2022

Preprint

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“…df: degrees of freedom throughout a year. This finding is consistent with prior studies of the relationship between delay discounting and other preventive health behaviors, including attending primary care visits [14,23], medication adherence [24], and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic [25]. It is also consistent with the preponderance of work in delay discounting and health behavior, which shows that greater discounting of delayed gains is associated with behavioral health problems such as substance use disorders and gambling [26].…”

Section: Table 3 Post-hoc Comparisons Between Flossing Frequencies An...supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Table 3 Post-hoc Comparisons Between Flossing Frequencies An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay discounting, probability discounting, and interdental cleaning frequency

DeFulio

Rzeszutek

2022

BMC Oral Health

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Background Interdental cleaning is recommended by dentists but many people do not floss regularly. The health benefits of interdental cleaning are delayed, and sensitivity to delay is an important factor in many health behaviors. Thus, the present studies explore the relationship between frequency of flossing, and sensitivity to delayed and probabilistic outcomes. Method Crowd-sourced subjects were recruited in two studies (n = 584 and n = 321, respectively). In both studies, subjects reported their frequency of flossing and completed delay discounting and probability discounting tasks. Discounting was measured with area under the curve, and linear regression was used to analyze the results. Results Findings show that higher levels of delay discounting were associated with less frequent flossing (p < 0.001, both studies). In contrast, probability discounting was not significantly associated with flossing frequency (ns, both studies). Conclusion The findings are consistent with prior studies involving other health behaviors such as attendance at primary care and medication adherence. Results suggest that interventions that reduce delay discounting may help promote regular interdental cleaning, and that delay discounting is a more robust predictor of health behaviors than probability discounting. In addition, interdental cleaning appears to be a reasonable target behavior for evaluating potentially generalizable behavioral health interventions. Thus, interventions that are successful in promoting oral health behaviors should be considered as candidates for evaluation in other health behavior domains.

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“…Preliminary work in this area suggests that this form of remotely delivered EFT facilitates weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity ( 24 ) and reduces alcohol consumption in adults with alcohol use disorder ( 25 ). Likewise, periodic engagement in EFT may increase medication adherence in adults with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes ( 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting prospection into practice: Methodological considerations in the use of episodic future thinking to reduce delay discounting and maladaptive health behaviors

Brown

Stein

2022

Front. Public Health

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In recent years, episodic future thinking (EFT) has emerged as a promising behavioral intervention to reduce delay discounting or maladaptive health behaviors; however, considerable methodological heterogeneity in methods for eliciting engagement in EFT has been observed in prior research. In this narrative review, we briefly describe methods for generating EFT cues, the content of EFT cues, common control conditions for experiments utilizing EFT, and considerations for cue delivery and implementation. Where possible, we make suggestions for current best practices in each category while identifying gaps in knowledge and potential areas of future research. Finally, we conclude by using the NIH Stage model to better frame the current state of the literature on EFT and propose gaps to be addressed if EFT is to be both an efficacious and effective behavioral intervention.

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Imagine to Remember: An Episodic Future Thinking Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Delay Discounting, Probability Discounting, and Interdental Cleaning Frequency

Delay Discounting, Probability Discounting, and Interdental Cleaning Frequency

Delay discounting, probability discounting, and interdental cleaning frequency

Putting prospection into practice: Methodological considerations in the use of episodic future thinking to reduce delay discounting and maladaptive health behaviors

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