Imaging acute complications in cancer patients: what should be evaluated in the emergency setting?

Guimarães, Marcos Duarte; Bitencourt, Almir Galvão Vieira; Marchiori, Edson; Chojniak, Rubens; Gross, Jefferson Luiz; Kundra, Vikas

doi:10.1186/1470-7330-14-18

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…A workup may show a normal creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate in patients with acute or partial obstructions or an abnormal creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate in patients with complete obstructions. A renal ultrasound may be helpful in evaluating for hydronephrosis; however, obstructions may be missed in patients with significant retroperitoneal disease or ureteral encasement [ 9 , 10 ]. In such cases, a computed tomography (CT) scan can help further delineate the cause of the obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catheter patency can be assessed by simply flushing the catheter with sterile saline. Furthermore, if bleeding or infection is suspected, a CT scan of the abdomen (with contrast if the patient has adequate kidney function) can be done to evaluate for perinephric hematoma or abscess [ 10 ]. If a symptomatic (e.g., fever, severe pain, purulent drainage, malaise, altered mental status) UTI is suspected, a urine culture should be obtained, and antibiotics started.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies in Patients with Cancer

Lipe

Mann²,

Babakhanlou

et al. 2021

Emergency Medicine International

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Background. Genitourinary emergencies in cancer patients are common. Most cancer treatments are administered in the outpatient setting, and patients with complications often visit the emergency department. However, there is no recent emergency medicine literature review focusing on genitourinary emergencies in the oncologic population. Objective of the review. To increase awareness of common genitourinary emergencies in patients with cancer and enable the prompt recognition and appropriate management of these conditions. Discussion. Genitourinary emergencies in patients with cancer require a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The most common genitourinary emergencies in patients with cancer are related to infection, obstructive uropathy, hemorrhagic cystitis, and complications associated with urinary diversions. The treatment approach in patients with infections, including viral infections, is similar to those without cancer. Understanding the changes in the anatomy of patients with urinary diversions or fistulas can help with the management of genitourinary emergencies. Conclusions. Familiarization with the uniqueness of genitourinary emergencies in patients with cancer is important for emergency physicians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies in Patients with Cancer

Lipe

Mann²,

Babakhanlou

et al. 2021

Emergency Medicine International

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“…Cancer has become one of the leading causes of death due to the difficulty of treating the disease [34]. Complications of cancer can be divided into direct and indirect complications, such as invasion and immune suppression, respectively [35]. Cancer mutations affect several mechanisms and pathways in the body (Figure 1).…”

Section: Impact Of Gastrointestinal Cancer On Selected Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression

2020

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevailing global health disease with a high incidence rate which varies by region. It is a huge economic burden on health care providers. GI cancer affects different organs in the body such as the gastric organs, colon, esophagus, intestine, and pancreas. Internal and external factors like smoking, obesity, urbanization, genetic mutations, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections could increase the risk of GI cancer. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Consumption of phytochemicals may protect against chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Multiple studies have assessed the chemoprotective effect of selected phytochemicals in GI cancer, offering support to their potential towards reducing the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge addressing the anti-cancerous effects of selected dietary phytochemicals on GI cancer and their molecular activities on selected mechanisms, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), detoxification enzymes, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), wingless-related integration site/β-catenin (wingless-related integration site (Wnt) β-catenin, cell apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review phytochemicals were classified into four main categories: (i) carotenoids, including lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene; (ii) proanthocyanidins, including quercetin and ellagic acid; (iii) organosulfur compounds, including allicin, allyl propyl disulphide, asparagusic acid, and sulforaphane; and (iv) other phytochemicals including pectin, curcumins, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Overall, phytochemicals improve cancer prognosis through the downregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation, therefore enhancing apoptosis, and upregulation of the AMPK pathway, which supports cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.

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“…Symptomatická léčba spočívá v podávání kortikoidů a diuretik. Řešením může být zavedení stentu, paliativní RT (metoda první volby) či zmenšení masy tumoru celkovou léčbou (1,2,4).…”

Section: Syndrom Horní Duté žíLyunclassified

Selected frequent special palliative procedures in NSCLC

Svatoň¹

2020

Onkologie

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Léčba nemalobuněčného plicního karcinomu je často spojena s nutností řešit některé komplikující faktory provázející toto onemocnění. Tento článek v přehledu popisuje problematiku a řešení těch nejčastěji vídaných obtíží pacientů (mimo obecných onkologických obtíží jako je bolest či malnutrice). Konkrétně se zabývá tématem hemoptýzy, syndromu horní duté žíly, obstrukcí dýchacích cest tumorem, maligními výpotky, respirační insuficiencí, tromboembolickými onemocněními, hyponatremií, hyperkalcemií, kostními a mozkovými metastázami. Jeho snahou je v krátkosti představit praktické možnosti řešení těchto komplikací.Klíčová slova: nemalobuněčný plicní karcinom, paliativní postupy, symptomatická léčba. Selected frequent special palliative procedures in NSCLCTreatment of non-small cell lung cancer is often associated with the need to treat some of the complicating factors associated with the disease. This article outlines the issues and solutions to the most commonly seen patient problems (except general cancer problems such as pain or malnutrition). Specifically, it deals with haemoptysis, upper vena cava syndrome, tumor airway obstruction, malignant effusions, respiratory insufficiency, thromboembolic diseases, hyponatraemia, hypercalcemia, bone and brain metastases. Its aim is to introduce the practical possibilities of solving these complications.

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Imaging acute complications in cancer patients: what should be evaluated in the emergency setting?

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies in Patients with Cancer

Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies in Patients with Cancer

Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression

Selected frequent special palliative procedures in NSCLC

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