Imaging and Screening of Thyroid Cancer

Li, Qian; Lin, Xianchai; Shao, Yuhong; Xiang, Feixiang; Samir, Anthony E.

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2017.06.002

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thyroid cancer accounts for 1% of all cancers and is the most common endocrine tumor, with 64,300 cases and 1980 deaths in the USA in 2016 [76,77]. The incidence has increased over the past few years, reaching 567,000 cases worldwide in 2018 [1].…”

Section: Nanotheranostics In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The survival rate is still quite high, leading to 0.4% of deaths [1,77,78]. This cancer also presents a complex etiology, which is still not well understood, and is associated with multiple risk factors, among which is childhood neck radiation, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, family history of thyroid adenoma or cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis, obesity, smoking, and hormonal exposures [1,76]. Overall, thyroid cancer arises from follicular cells in the thyroid and is the most common endocrine malignancy [79].…”

Section: Nanotheranostics In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems

et al. 2019

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Theranostics has emerged in recent years to provide an efficient and safer alternative in cancer management. This review presents an updated description of nanotheranostic formulations under development for skin cancer (including melanoma), head and neck, thyroid, breast, gynecologic, prostate, and colon cancers, brain-related cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With this focus, we appraised the clinical advantages and drawbacks of metallic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanosystems, such as low invasiveness, low toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissues, high precision, deeper tissue penetration, and dosage adjustment in a real-time setting. Particularly recognizing the increased complexity and multimodality in this area, multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles, comprising different nanomaterials and functionalized with targeting moieties and/or anticancer drugs, present the best characteristics for theranostics. Several examples, focusing on their design, composition, imaging and treatment modalities, and in vitro and in vivo characterization, are detailed herein. Briefly, all studies followed a common trend in the design of these theranostics modalities, such as the use of materials and/or drugs that share both inherent imaging (e.g., contrast agents) and therapeutic properties (e.g., heating or production reactive oxygen species). This rationale allows one to apparently overcome the heterogeneity, complexity, and harsh conditions of tumor microenvironments, leading to the development of successful targeted therapies.

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Section: Nanotheranostics In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanotheranostics In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The central compartment may be somewhat difficult to evaluate especially in presence with thyroid gland; however, the lateral compartment needs to be evaluated very carefully even when the lymph nodes are not clinically suspicious. The radiological findings of size of the lymph node, shape of the lymph node, irregularity, and punctate calcification are well-known indicators of metastatic disease [18]. If there are any suspicious lateral neck nodes, many surgeons will consider preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy to confirm the presence of nodal metastasis.…”

Section: Initial Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Philosophy on Neck Dissection in Thyroid Cancer—Current Controversies and Consensus

Shaha

2017

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Thyroid cancer commonly metastasizes to lymph nodes either in the central compartment or lateral neck in at least 50% of patients. Over the past several decades, our understanding of the natural progression of thyroid cancer has changed. Our current practice reflects our increasingly sophisticated understanding of the biology of thyroid cancer while taking into account the morbidity and mortality associated with aggressive variants of the disease.

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“…A thyroid nodule, by definition, is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland, which is radiographically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma [1]. With the increased utilization of diagnostic imaging (ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) unrelated to the thyroid, the prevalence of thyroid incidentaloma has been significantly increased in the past twenty years [2,3]. For instance, the proportion of patients with thyroid nodules that clinicians now encounter is as high as 68% of the general population [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules: An updated meta-analysis with comprehensive heterogeneity analysis

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Meng³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules from benign thyroid nodules remains controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the overall diagnostic value of CEUS for the characterization of thyroid nodules. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library until August 1 th 2019 to assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of CEUS. 37 eligible studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood rate, negative likelihood rate and diagnostic odds ratio of CEUS were 0.87, 0.83, 5.38, 0.17 and 38.94, respectively, with the AUC of 0.9263. Subgroup analysis showed the heterogeneity was greatly reduced in small nodules group (� 1 cm) (I 2 = 0.0%), while heterogeneity was still observed in the group of variable sizes group (I 2 = 69.5%). However, meta-regression analysis revealed that only diagnostic criterion was the major source of heterogeneity (p = 0.0259). The risk of publication bias was negligible (p = 0.35). CEUS exhibited high accuracy for the identification of thyroid nodules and might provide additional perfusion information for the current US imaging reporting systems.

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Imaging and Screening of Thyroid Cancer

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems

Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems

Philosophy on Neck Dissection in Thyroid Cancer—Current Controversies and Consensus

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules: An updated meta-analysis with comprehensive heterogeneity analysis

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