Imaging diagnostics of ethanol port fuel injection sprays for automobile engine applications

Padala, Srinivas; Le, Minh Khoi; Kook, Sanghoon; Hawkes, Evatt R.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.11.007

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An increase in fuel temperature resulted in decrease in kinematic viscosity (29) . Fuels with lower viscosity and surface tension can help in better atomization and lead to lower droplet diameter (30) . The disadvantages associated with ethanol properties are lower volatility and energy density, miscibility with water, and a tendency towards preignition (31) .…”

Section: E-diesel and E-biodiesel Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Spray Characteristics of Bioethanol and Its Blended Fuels in CI Engines

No¹

2014

Journal of ILASS-Korea

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This review will be concentrated on the spray characteristics of bioethanol and its derived fuels such as ethanol-diesel, ethanol-biodiesel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The difficulty in meeting the severe limitations on NOx and PM emissions in CI engines has brought about many methods for the application of ethanol because ethanol diffusion flames in engine produce virtually no soot. The most popular method for the application of ethanol as a fuel in CI engines is the blending of ethanol with diesel. The physical properties of ethanol and its derivatives related to spray characteristics such as viscosity, density and surface tension are discussed. Viscosity and density of e-diesel and e-biodiesel generally are decreased with increase in ethanol content and temperature. More than 22% and 30% of ethanol addition would not satisfied the requirement of viscosity and density in EN 590, respectively. Investigation of neat ethanol sprays in CI engines was conducted by very few researchers. The effect of ambient temperature on liquid phase penetration is a controversial topic due to the opposite result between two studies. More researches are required for the spray characteristics of neat ethanol in CI engines. The ethanol blended fuels in CI engines can be classified into ethanol-diesel blend (e-diesel) and ethanol-biodiesel (e-biodiesel) blend. Even though dodecanol and n-butanol are rarely used, the addition of biodiesel as blend stabilizer is the prevailing method because it has the advantage of increasing the biofuel concentration in diesel fuel. Spray penetration and SMD of e-diesel and e-biodiesel decrease with increase in ethanol concentration, and in ambient pressure. However, spray angle is increased with increase in the ethanol percentage in e-diesel. As the ambient pressure increases, liquid phase penetration was decreased, but spray angle was increased in e-diesel. The increase in ambient temperature showed the slight effect on liquid phase penetration, but spray angle was decreased. A numerical study of micro-explosion concluded that the optimum composition of e-diesel binary mixture for micro-explosion was approximately E50D50, while that of e-biodiesel binary mixture was E30B70 due to the lower volatility of biodiesel. Adding less volatile biodiesel into the ternary mixture of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel can remarkably enhance micro-explosion. Addition of ethanol up to 20% in e-biodiesel showed no effect on spray penetration. However, increase of nozzle orifice diameter results in increase of spray penetration. The more study on liquid phase penetration and SMD in e-diesel and e-biodiesel is required.

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Section: E-diesel and E-biodiesel Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Spray Characteristics of Bioethanol and Its Blended Fuels in CI Engines

No¹

2014

Journal of ILASS-Korea

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“…On the other hand, droplet size distributions were influenced by the temperature, which provided a higher amount of smaller droplets to higher temperatures. Another study using PFI injectors can be observed in Padala et al [5], that rated the ethanol spray of PFI through the imaging diagnostics using Mie-Scattering and Shadowgraphy technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the PFI technology is still the vast majority injection system employed in the emerging country and has the tendency of continuing for many years due to its economical benefit [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of n-heptane temperature on atomization parameters from a single-hole port fuel injector

Júnior¹,

Fukumasu²,

Berti³

et al. 2016

Anais Do XXIV Simpósio Internacional De Engenharia Automotiva

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Currently, there are stringent emission norms that regulate the level of pollutant emissions which all automotive engines must satisfy. In order to ensure that new internal combustion engines reach the level of emission established in these norms, researchers have studied the physical phenomena that happen in each part of the engine. One important phenomenon that has a great influence in both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions is the spray formed by the fuel injector. In this work, experiments were conducted in order to analyze the influence of test fluid temperature on atomization parameters of the spray formed by a single-hole port fuel injector (PFI). The n-heptane was used as test fluid at three temperatures (0, 30 and 60• C). The evaluations of droplet sizes, drop size distributions and drop velocities were performed by Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) technique. The measurements were taken 125 mm downstream from the injector tip along its axis with 300 kPa injection pressure. Results indicated that increasing the test fluid temperature induces a reduction in mean droplet diameters. This result was also observed in drop size distributions. Moreover, the increase in fuel temperature led to droplets with higher velocities.

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“…Of these techniques; the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) which has been used extensively for investigating spray characteristics for different liquids [12][13][14][15][16] and for high-pressure common rail [17] and liquid-liquid coaxial swirl injectors [18][19], in addition to velocity gradients [20][21], and transient atomization [22]. Mie Scattering is another laser technique that has been used by [23][24][25][26][27] to investigate the characteristics of sprays generated by flash-boiling, pneumatic atomization, slit, piezo-electric, and port fuel injectors respectively. While Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was used to visualize spray atomization [28][29], in addition to the Nd:YAG laser [14,21,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and other laser techniques mentioned in [12,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was used to visualize spray atomization [28][29], in addition to the Nd:YAG laser [14,21,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and other laser techniques mentioned in [12,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Shadowgraphs are used as well in spray atomization investigations either individually [49][50][51][52] or accompanied by another optical technique such as laser-based techniques [25,28] and high speed camera [53]. However, combining shadowgraphy with other techniques is almost useful, since shadowgraphs detect the flow configuration and the other system spots the allocation of spray droplets accurately [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative spray analysis of diesel fuel and its emulsions using digital image processing

Faik

Zhang

2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. In the present work, an experimental investigation of spray atomization of different liquids has been carried out. An air-assist atomizer operating at low injection pressures valued (4 and 6 bar) has been used to generate sprays of (diesel fuel, 5, 10, and 15% water-emulsified-diesel), respectively. A Photron-SA4 high speed camera has been used for spray imaging at 2000 fps. 20 time intervals (from 5 to 100 ms with 5 ms time difference) are selected for analysis and comparison. Spray macroscopic characteristics (spray penetration, dispersion, cone angle, axial and dispersion velocities) have been extracted by a proposed technique based on image processing using Matlab, where the maximum and minimum (horizontal and vertical) boundaries of the spray are detected, from which the macroscopic spray characteristics are evaluated. The maximum error of this technique is (1.5% for diesel spray) and a little bit higher for its emulsions.

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Imaging diagnostics of ethanol port fuel injection sprays for automobile engine applications

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

A Review on Spray Characteristics of Bioethanol and Its Blended Fuels in CI Engines

A Review on Spray Characteristics of Bioethanol and Its Blended Fuels in CI Engines

Effect of n-heptane temperature on atomization parameters from a single-hole port fuel injector

Quantitative spray analysis of diesel fuel and its emulsions using digital image processing

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