Imaging implicit perception: promise and pitfalls

Hannula, Deborah E.; Simons, Daniel J.; Cohen, Neal J.

doi:10.1038/nrn1630

Cited by 138 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This is the fact that it is difficult to demonstrate statistically that visibility is exactly zero (Hannula et al, 2005). The problem is that the failure to find a significant difference from zero may simply reflect the lack of statistical power because of insufficient observations or an insufficient number of subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Inspired by recent advances in neuroimaging research that also draw attention to the strength and depth of subliminal priming (Dehaene et al, 1998;Hannula et al, 2005;Naccache et al, 2005;Gaillard et al, 2006), we attempted to create a situation in which subliminally presented stimuli influence the establishment of tasksets. This constitutes a strong test for the traditional assumption that higher cognitive functions require consciousness (Jack and Shallice, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex

Lau¹,

Passingham²

2007

J. Neurosci.

317

259

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Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether unconscious information can influence the cognitive control system in the human prefrontal cortex. Volunteers had to prepare to perform either a phonological judgment or a semantic judgment on an upcoming word, based on the instruction given at the beginning of each trial. However, in some trials they were visually primed to prepare for the alternative (i.e., "wrong") task, and this impaired their performance. This priming effect is taken to depend on unconscious processes because the effect was present even when the volunteers could only discriminate the identity of the primes at chance level. Furthermore, the effect was stronger when the visibility of the prime was near zero than when the visibility of the prime was significantly higher. When volunteers were unconsciously primed to perform the alternative task, there was also decreased neural activity in the brain areas relevant to the instructed task and increased neural activity in the brain areas relevant to the alternative task, which shows that the volunteers were actually engaged in the wrong task, instead of simply being distracted. Activity in the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was also found to be associated with this unconscious priming effect. These results suggest that the cognitive control system in the prefrontal cortex is not exclusively driven by conscious information, as has been believed previously.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex

Lau¹,

Passingham²

2007

J. Neurosci.

317

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The amygdala is important for implicit (nonconscious) processing of affective stimuli (Hannula et al, 2005;Phelps & LeDoux, 2005) and also plays a key role in the formation of reward-based preference in humans and animals Gilbert et al, 2003). Although the neural substrates of the mere exposure effect have not been systematically defined, Zajonc (2001) has postulated that it may involve a classic conditioning mechanism involving the amygdala (but see Willems et al, 2002, for alternative explanations).…”

Section: Mere Exposure Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact emotion facilitation for nonsocial stimuli in autism: Is amygdala impairment in autism specific for social information?

South

Ozonoff

Suchy

et al. 2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Atypical amygdala development may play a key role in the emergence of social disability and other symptoms of autism (Baron-Cohen et al., 2000;Schultz, 2005). The mechanisms by which this may occur have received little attention, however, and most support from behavioral and imaging studies has been concerned with socially relevant stimuli such as faces. Given the complexity of amygdala function and its known role in many other emotional tasks, we examined whether individuals with autism would demonstrate impaired performance on several tasks that have been shown to require activation of the amygdala but that do not have any explicit social meaning. Relative to a typical comparison group matched for age and IQ, our sample of 37 adolescents and adults with autism (mean age 5 19.7 years) demonstrated equivalent facilitation for perception and learning of emotionally relevant stimuli. On each of four tasks, there were significant main effects of emotion condition on performance for both groups. Future research regarding atypical amygdala function and emotion processing in autism should consider whether the response to nonsocial emotion factors (including negative valence or high arousal) may be intact, despite difficulties in responding to socially relevant stimuli. (JINS, 2008, 14, 42-54.)

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“…Although at first controversial (for a review, see Kouider & Dehaene, 2007), it is now widely acknowledged that such relatively low-level (e.g., perceptual and motor) processes are affected by unconscious stimuli (but see Hannula, Simons, & Cohen, 2005;Holender & Duscherer, 2004). However, the extent to which higher level cognitive functions (e.g., task preparation, cognitive control) are also influenced by unconscious information remains debated (Hommel, 2007;Mayr, 2004;Eimer & Schlaghecken, 2003;Libet, 1999;Umilta, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Conscious and Unconscious Control of Behavior

Gaal¹,

Lamme²,

Fahrenfort³

et al. 2011

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

108

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Thus, the N2 likely reflects the initiation of inhibitory control, irrespective of conscious awareness. The P3 component was much reduced in amplitude and duration on masked versus unmasked stop trials. These patterns of differences and similarities between conscious and unconscious cognitive control processes are discussed in a framework that differentiates between feedforward and feedback connections in yielding conscious experience.

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Imaging implicit perception: promise and pitfalls

Cited by 138 publications

References 78 publications

Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex

Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex

Intact emotion facilitation for nonsocial stimuli in autism: Is amygdala impairment in autism specific for social information?

Dissociable Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Conscious and Unconscious Control of Behavior

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