Imaging of benign cervicofacial vascular anomalies and associated syndromes

Abstract

Cervicofacial vascular anomalies can result in morbidity, pain, and cosmetic concerns in affected individuals. Each anomaly has its own unique natural history, treatment, and associations with underlying genetic syndromes. For optimal patient care, it is important for the neuroradiologist to accurately recognize and characterize these entities to ensure appropriate treatment and management. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics, classifications, and imaging features associated with the most common vascular anomalies such as hemangiomas, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, capillary malformations, venous malformations, and lymphatic malformations in the context of associated syndromes. Additionally, we discuss novel imaging techniques that aid in identifying these vascular anomalies.

Cerebrofacial venous metameric syndrome type 2+3: face is the index of brain

“…Cerebrofacial venous metameric syndromes (CVMS) include venous vascular malformations involving the head and neck in a metameric distribution [1 , 2] . These are rare vascular lesions and may be associated with a wide spectrum of intracranial venous abnormalities [3] .…”