Imaging of individual normal and regenerating optic fibers in the brain of living adult goldfish

Danks, Anne M.; Kim, Patricia; Wang, Ziren; Meyer, Ronald L.

doi:10.1002/cne.903450207

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…A fish at 70 days of regeneration is shown in Figure 8. This confirms our two previous in vivo imaging studies showing that regenerating optic fibers were typically branched by about 6 weeks after nerve crush (Danks et al, 1994;Johnson et al, 1999).…”

Section: Retinotopic Optic Fibers From Ventral Retinasupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The arrowhead in the panels of Figure 1 indicates a portion of the arbor where varicosities could be seen moving during the imaging period. In agreement with our previous study (Danks et al, 1994), normal arbors were found to be structurally stable, showing no detectable growth or retraction.…”

Section: Normal Arborssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Unfortunately, previous imaging studies on ingrowing fibers have all been done on developing fish and frog in which initial growth of optic fibers into tectum is accurately directed (O'Rourke and Fraser, 1990;Kaethner and Stuermer, 1992;Witte et al, 1996). To address this, we have turned to the retinotectal system of the adult goldfish, in which individual optic fibers can be labeled with DiI and observed for several hours in vivo (Danks et al, 1994). Using a cooled CCD camera, regenerating fibers were visualized in dorsal tectum between two and four weeks after nerve crush.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regenerating optic fibers correct large‐scale errors by random growth: Evidence from in vivo imaging

Dawson

Meyer

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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Regenerating optic fibers in goldfish make large-scale errors when they invade tectum and subsequently correct these to generate a projection with moderate retinotopic order by 1 month. The behavior of fibers underlying these extensive rearrangements is not well understood. To clarify this, we have imaged optic fibers in living adult goldfish at 2-4 weeks of regeneration. A small number of neighboring retinal ganglion cells were labeled with microinjections of DiI and imaged in the dorsal tectum with a cooled CCD camera on a fluorescence microscope for 5 to 8 hours. Nearly all fibers were simple unbranched processes and had endings that were highly dynamic showing both growth and retraction. Fibers from dorsal retina that normally innervate ventral tectum were frequently observed in dorsal tectum. These ectopic fibers oscillated more frequently between growth and retraction and retracted more often than ventral optic fibers. Like retinotopic fibers, ectopic fibers exhibited net growth but they showed no apparent directional preference toward their retinotopic position. In contrast, large errors along the anterior-posterior axis corresponding to nasal-temporal retina were rare and there was no differential behavior that distinguished these fibers.

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Section: Retinotopic Optic Fibers From Ventral Retinasupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Normal Arborssupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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Regenerating optic fibers correct large‐scale errors by random growth: Evidence from in vivo imaging

Dawson

Meyer

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…DiI and related carbocyanine dyes are well tolerated by cells, and fluorescent-labeled cells have normal physiological properties including synaptic transmission (Honig and Hume, 1986). These dyes have previously been microinjetted in organic solvents to achieve discrete labeling of living nonmammalian neurons in situ (Liu and Westerfield, 1990;O'Rourke and Fraser, 1990;Danks et al, 1994), but such organic solvents, in our experience, cause unsatisfactory pathological changes in mammalian neurons. Using the present methods, we have previously established that individual dendritic spines persist and can be recognized over periods of hours (Hosokawa et al, 1992), a condition necessary if modulation of the strength of particular synapses serves as a basis for preservation of memories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Repeated confocal imaging of individual dendritic spines in the living hippocampal slice: evidence for changes in length and orientation associated with chemically induced LTP

et al. 1995

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Using confocal microscopy in conjunction with microdrop application of Dil, we have imaged and measured individual dendritic spines of living hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute brain slices, before and approximately 3 hr after induction of long-term potentiation by chemical means. Statistical analysis of changes in the length of individual spines, and comparison with results of Monte Carlo simulations, suggests that two forms of structural change occur in chemically induced long-term potentiation: growth of a subpopulation of small spines, and angular displacement of spines. These changes could provide a structural basis for the expression of long-term potentiation.

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“…Deflected fibers, however, remained nearly as dispersed as in early regeneration. The methodology for labeling and imaging optic axons in the adult goldfish and the corresponding technical issues has been discussed previously (7,8,20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth dynamics and morphology of regenerating optic fibers in tectum are altered by injury conditions: An in vivo imaging study in goldfish

Dawson

Meyer

2008

Experimental Neurology

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The dynamic behavior of axons in systems that normally regenerate may provide clues for promoting regeneration in humans. When the optic nerve is severed in adult goldfish, all axons regenerate back to the tectum to reestablish accurate connections. In adult mammals, regeneration can be induced in optic and other axons but typically few fibers regrow and only for short distances. These conditions were mimicked in the adult goldfish by surgically deflecting 10-20% of optic fibers from one tectum into the opposite tectum which was denervated of all other optic fibers by removing its corresponding eye. At 21-63 days, DiI was microinjected into retina to label a few fibers and the fibers were visualized in the living fish for up to 5-7 hours. The dynamic behavior and morphology of these regenerating deflected fibers were analyzed and compared to those regenerating following optic nerve crush. At 3-4 weeks, deflected fibers were found to form more branches and to maintain many more branches than crushed fibers. Although both deflected and crushed fibers exhibited stochastic growth and retraction, deflected fibers spent more time growing but grew for less distance. At 2 months, both deflected and crushed fibers became much more stable. These results show the morphology and behavior of fibers regenerating into the same target tissue can be substantially altered by the injury conditions, that is, they show state dependent plasticity. The morphology and behavior of the deflected fibers suggests they were impaired in their capacity to grow to their correct targets.

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Imaging of individual normal and regenerating optic fibers in the brain of living adult goldfish

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Regenerating optic fibers correct large‐scale errors by random growth: Evidence from in vivo imaging

Regenerating optic fibers correct large‐scale errors by random growth: Evidence from in vivo imaging

Repeated confocal imaging of individual dendritic spines in the living hippocampal slice: evidence for changes in length and orientation associated with chemically induced LTP

Growth dynamics and morphology of regenerating optic fibers in tectum are altered by injury conditions: An in vivo imaging study in goldfish

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