Imaging of the Intestinal Microcirculation during Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Dickson, Kayle; Malitan, Hajer Salem; Lehmann, Christian

doi:10.3390/biology9120418

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Accordingly, the visceral perfusion is partly sacrificed through the vasoconstrictive response that is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. However, the abdominal organs are affected unequally by redistribution; for example, intestinal, gastric, and pancreatic blood supplies are more susceptible to the effects of hemorrhage compared to the liver due to the hepatic arterial buffer response [33][34][35]. Intestines are affected by ischemia, particularly adversely and rapidly, due to their unique microanatomy, where the artery and vein within the villi run parallel to each other, which results in low oxygenation in the most luminal areas of the intestine, even under optimal conditions [36,37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Mesenteric Perfusion as a Marker of Major Bleeding in Trauma Patients

Jávor

Donka

Horváth

et al. 2023

JCM

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The majority of potentially preventable mortality in trauma patients is related to bleeding; therefore, early recognition and effective treatment of hemorrhagic shock impose a cardinal challenge for trauma teams worldwide. The reduction in mesenteric perfusion (MP) is among the first compensatory responses to blood loss; however, there is no adequate tool for splanchnic hemodynamic monitoring in emergency patient care. In this narrative review, (i) methods based on flowmetry, CT imaging, video microscopy (VM), measurement of laboratory markers, spectroscopy, and tissue capnometry were critically analyzed with respect to their accessibility, and applicability, sensitivity, and specificity. (ii) Then, we demonstrated that derangement of MP is a promising diagnostic indicator of blood loss. (iii) Finally, we discussed a new diagnostic method for the evaluation of hemorrhage based on exhaled methane (CH4) measurement. Conclusions: Monitoring the MP is a feasible option for the evaluation of blood loss. There are a wide range of experimentally used methodologies; however, due to their practical limitations, only a fraction of them could be integrated into routine emergency trauma care. According to our comprehensive review, breath analysis, including exhaled CH4 measurement, would provide the possibility for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of blood loss.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Mesenteric Perfusion as a Marker of Major Bleeding in Trauma Patients

Jávor

Donka

Horváth

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…In addition to increased leukocyte adhesion, our experimental model also exhibited slight impairment of intestinal capillary perfusion. Impaired capillary perfusion contributes to tissue hypoxemia and organ failure in sepsis and has been well described in pre-clinical models [ 41 ]. In our experiments, LPS administration significantly reduced FCD in muscularis but not mucosal layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective CB2 Receptor Agonist, HU-308, Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Endotoxin Model of Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Hall

Faridi

Trivedi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis are risk factors contributing to mortality in patients with pneumonia. In ARDS, also termed acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary immune responses lead to excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and aberrant alveolar neutrophil infiltration. Systemic spread of cytokines is associated with systemic complications including sepsis, multi-organ failure, and death. Thus, dampening pro-inflammatory cytokine release is a viable strategy to improve outcome. Activation of cannabinoid type II receptor (CB2) has been shown to reduce cytokine release in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Herein, we investigated the effect of HU-308, a specific CB2 agonist, on systemic and pulmonary inflammation in a model of pneumonia-induced ALI. C57Bl/6 mice received intranasal endotoxin or saline, followed by intravenous HU-308, dexamethasone, or vehicle. ALI was scored by histology and plasma levels of select inflammatory mediators were assessed by Luminex assay. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was performed to assess leukocyte adhesion and capillary perfusion in intestinal and pulmonary microcirculation. HU-308 and dexamethasone attenuated LPS-induced cytokine release and intestinal microcirculatory impairment. HU-308 modestly reduced ALI score, while dexamethasone abolished it. These results suggest administration of HU-308 can reduce systemic inflammation without suppressing pulmonary immune response in pneumonia-induced ALI and systemic inflammation.

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“…The intestinal tract is a primary organ that loses perfusion during sepsis and various types of shock. [55] It forms the intestinal barrier, and thus, can cause organ dysfunction when not adequately perfused. [56][57][58] According to our preliminary animal experiments, the microthrombus was formed in the intestinal microcirculation of rats 24 h after surgery, and the survival of septic rats was 1-2 days.…”

Section: In Vitro and In Vivo Microthrombi Targeting Using Fitc-ab-bs...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Anticoagulant Effect of Layered Double Hydroxide‐Heparin Nanocomposites on the Microcirculation of Septic Rats

Mao

Shan

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Therapeutics

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Anticoagulant therapy is an important therapeutic tool for septic microcirculatory dysfunction. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is a potent anticoagulant with antithrombotic properties, which is a crucial factor for sepsis treatment. However, it has a short plasma half-life and achieves low local concentrations; nanocomposite formulations may help overcome these limitations. Herein, it is aimed to determine if a functional layered double hydroxide (LDH)-LMWH nanocomposite improves microcirculation and organ function, while maximizing the antithrombotic effects and reducing bleeding risks in septic rats. This nanocomposite (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-fibrin antibody (Ab)-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-20LMWH-LDH) is constructed by intercalating LMWH and FITC into the LDH interlayer, and application of a BSA and an Ab coating onto the LDH nanoparticle surface. The nanocomposite released LMWH in a gradual and biphasic pattern, in an acidity-triggered manner. Capillary tubule studies and intestinal microcirculation investigations show that green fluorescent nanocomposites accumulated around microthrombi, validating their targeting ability. Animal experiments reveal that the nanocomposites significantly improve microcirculation in septic rats with minimal pathological damage to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Thus, this study provides a novel strategy for the treatment of septic microcirculatory dysfunction in clinical situations.

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Imaging of the Intestinal Microcirculation during Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Cited by 8 publications

References 125 publications

Impairment of Mesenteric Perfusion as a Marker of Major Bleeding in Trauma Patients

Impairment of Mesenteric Perfusion as a Marker of Major Bleeding in Trauma Patients

Selective CB2 Receptor Agonist, HU-308, Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Endotoxin Model of Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Improved Anticoagulant Effect of Layered Double Hydroxide‐Heparin Nanocomposites on the Microcirculation of Septic Rats

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